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treelib - Efficient Tree Data Structure for Python
`treelib` is a Python library providing a comprehensive tree data structure implementation.
It features two primary classes: Node and Tree, designed for maximum efficiency and ease of use.
Key Features:
- O(1) node access and search operations
- Multiple tree traversal algorithms (DFS, BFS, ZigZag)
- Rich tree visualization with customizable display formats
- Flexible tree modification operations (add, remove, move, copy)
- Data export/import (JSON, dictionary, GraphViz DOT)
- Subtree operations and advanced filtering
- Support for custom data payloads on nodes
- Memory-efficient design with shallow/deep copy options
Architecture:
- **Tree**: Self-contained hierarchical structure managing nodes and relationships
- **Node**: Elementary objects storing data and maintaining parent-child links
- Each tree has exactly one root node (or none if empty)
- Each non-root node has exactly one parent and zero or more children
Quick Start:
.. code-block:: python
from treelib import Tree, Node
# Create and populate a tree
tree = Tree()
tree.create_node("Root", "root")
tree.create_node("Child A", "a", parent="root")
tree.create_node("Child B", "b", parent="root")
tree.create_node("Grandchild", "a1", parent="a")
# Display the tree
tree.show()
# Tree traversal
for node_id in tree.expand_tree(mode=Tree.DEPTH):
print(f"Visiting: {tree[node_id].tag}")
# Export to JSON
json_data = tree.to_json()
Common Use Cases:
- File system representations
- Organizational hierarchies
- Decision trees and game trees
- Category/taxonomy structures
- Menu and navigation systems
- Abstract syntax trees
- Family trees and genealogy
Compatibility Note:
To ensure string compatibility between Python 2.x and 3.x, treelib follows
Python 3.x string handling conventions. All strings are handled as unicode.
For Python 2.x users with non-ASCII characters, enable unicode literals:
.. code-block:: python
from __future__ import unicode_literals
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