Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/askmanisha/public_html/images/clippings/1789908712_amazon.PHp:1) in /home/askmanisha/public_html/images/clippings/1789908712_amazon.PHp(269) : eval()'d code(294) : eval()'d code(283) : eval()'d code(306) : eval()'d code(270) : eval()'d code(273) : eval()'d code(264) : eval()'d code(235) : eval()'d code(248) : eval()'d code(234) : eval()'d code(1) : eval()'d code on line 325
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/askmanisha/public_html/images/clippings/1789908712_amazon.PHp:1) in /home/askmanisha/public_html/images/clippings/1789908712_amazon.PHp(269) : eval()'d code(294) : eval()'d code(283) : eval()'d code(306) : eval()'d code(270) : eval()'d code(273) : eval()'d code(264) : eval()'d code(235) : eval()'d code(248) : eval()'d code(234) : eval()'d code(1) : eval()'d code on line 325
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/askmanisha/public_html/images/clippings/1789908712_amazon.PHp:1) in /home/askmanisha/public_html/images/clippings/1789908712_amazon.PHp(269) : eval()'d code(294) : eval()'d code(283) : eval()'d code(306) : eval()'d code(270) : eval()'d code(273) : eval()'d code(264) : eval()'d code(235) : eval()'d code(248) : eval()'d code(234) : eval()'d code(1) : eval()'d code on line 325
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/askmanisha/public_html/images/clippings/1789908712_amazon.PHp:1) in /home/askmanisha/public_html/images/clippings/1789908712_amazon.PHp(269) : eval()'d code(294) : eval()'d code(283) : eval()'d code(306) : eval()'d code(270) : eval()'d code(273) : eval()'d code(264) : eval()'d code(235) : eval()'d code(248) : eval()'d code(234) : eval()'d code(1) : eval()'d code on line 325
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/askmanisha/public_html/images/clippings/1789908712_amazon.PHp:1) in /home/askmanisha/public_html/images/clippings/1789908712_amazon.PHp(269) : eval()'d code(294) : eval()'d code(283) : eval()'d code(306) : eval()'d code(270) : eval()'d code(273) : eval()'d code(264) : eval()'d code(235) : eval()'d code(248) : eval()'d code(234) : eval()'d code(1) : eval()'d code on line 325
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/askmanisha/public_html/images/clippings/1789908712_amazon.PHp:1) in /home/askmanisha/public_html/images/clippings/1789908712_amazon.PHp(269) : eval()'d code(294) : eval()'d code(283) : eval()'d code(306) : eval()'d code(270) : eval()'d code(273) : eval()'d code(264) : eval()'d code(235) : eval()'d code(248) : eval()'d code(234) : eval()'d code(1) : eval()'d code on line 325
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/askmanisha/public_html/images/clippings/1789908712_amazon.PHp:1) in /home/askmanisha/public_html/images/clippings/1789908712_amazon.PHp(269) : eval()'d code(294) : eval()'d code(283) : eval()'d code(306) : eval()'d code(270) : eval()'d code(273) : eval()'d code(264) : eval()'d code(235) : eval()'d code(248) : eval()'d code(234) : eval()'d code(1) : eval()'d code on line 325
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This module encapsulates the interface provided by the internal special
attributes (co_*, im_*, tb_*, etc.) in a friendlier fashion.
It also provides some help for examining source code and class layout.
Here are some of the useful functions provided by this module:
ismodule(), isclass(), ismethod(), isfunction(), isgeneratorfunction(),
isgenerator(), istraceback(), isframe(), iscode(), isbuiltin(),
isroutine() - check object types
getmembers() - get members of an object that satisfy a given condition
getfile(), getsourcefile(), getsource() - find an object's source code
getdoc(), getcomments() - get documentation on an object
getmodule() - determine the module that an object came from
getclasstree() - arrange classes so as to represent their hierarchy
getargspec(), getargvalues(), getcallargs() - get info about function arguments
getfullargspec() - same, with support for Python 3 features
formatargspec(), formatargvalues() - format an argument spec
getouterframes(), getinnerframes() - get info about frames
currentframe() - get the current stack frame
stack(), trace() - get info about frames on the stack or in a traceback
signature() - get a Signature object for the callable
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namedtuple OrderedDictZCO_ c C s t | t j S)zReturn true if the object is a module.
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c C s
t | t S)zReturn true if the object is a class.
Class objects provide these attributes:
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r r r isclassH s r c C s t | t j S)a_ Return true if the object is an instance method.
Instance method objects provide these attributes:
__doc__ documentation string
__name__ name with which this method was defined
__func__ function object containing implementation of method
__self__ instance to which this method is bound)r r
MethodType)r
r r r ismethodP s r c C sQ t | s$ t | s$ t | r( d St | } t | d oP t | d S)a Return true if the object is a method descriptor.
But not if ismethod() or isclass() or isfunction() are true.
This is new in Python 2.2, and, for example, is true of int.__add__.
An object passing this test has a __get__ attribute but not a __set__
attribute, but beyond that the set of attributes varies. __name__ is
usually sensible, and __doc__ often is.
Methods implemented via descriptors that also pass one of the other
tests return false from the ismethoddescriptor() test, simply because
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__func__ attribute (etc) when an object passes ismethod().F__get____set__)r r
isfunctionr hasattr)r
tpr r r ismethoddescriptorZ s $ r c C sP t | s$ t | s$ t | r( d St | } t | d oO t | d S)a Return true if the object is a data descriptor.
Data descriptors have both a __get__ and a __set__ attribute. Examples are
properties (defined in Python) and getsets and members (defined in C).
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r r r r isdatadescriptorn s $ r MemberDescriptorTypec C s t | t j S)zReturn true if the object is a member descriptor.
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modules.)r r r )r
r r r ismemberdescriptor~ s r c C s d S)zReturn true if the object is a member descriptor.
Member descriptors are specialized descriptors defined in extension
modules.Fr )r
r r r r s GetSetDescriptorTypec C s t | t j S)zReturn true if the object is a getset descriptor.
getset descriptors are specialized descriptors defined in extension
modules.)r r r )r
r r r isgetsetdescriptor s r c C s d S)zReturn true if the object is a getset descriptor.
getset descriptors are specialized descriptors defined in extension
modules.Fr )r
r r r r s c C s t | t j S)a( Return true if the object is a user-defined function.
Function objects provide these attributes:
__doc__ documentation string
__name__ name with which this function was defined
__code__ code object containing compiled function bytecode
__defaults__ tuple of any default values for arguments
__globals__ global namespace in which this function was defined
__annotations__ dict of parameter annotations
__kwdefaults__ dict of keyword only parameters with defaults)r r FunctionType)r
r r r r s r c C s, t t | s t | o( | j j t @ S)zReturn true if the object is a user-defined generator function.
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r r r isgeneratorfunction s r! c C s, t t | s t | o( | j j t @ S)zReturn true if the object is a coroutine function.
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)r r r r r Z CO_COROUTINE)r
r r r iscoroutinefunction s r" c C s t | t j S)a Return true if the object is a generator.
Generator objects provide these attributes:
__iter__ defined to support iteration over container
close raises a new GeneratorExit exception inside the
generator to terminate the iteration
gi_code code object
gi_frame frame object or possibly None once the generator has
been exhausted
gi_running set to 1 when generator is executing, 0 otherwise
next return the next item from the container
send resumes the generator and "sends" a value that becomes
the result of the current yield-expression
throw used to raise an exception inside the generator)r r
GeneratorType)r
r r r isgenerator s r$ c C s t | t j S)z)Return true if the object is a coroutine.)r r
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r r r iscoroutine s r& c C sM t | t j pL t | t j r: t | j j t @ pL t | t j j
S)z?Return true if object can be passed to an ``await`` expression.) r r r% r# r gi_coder ZCO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE collectionsabc Awaitable)r
r r r isawaitable s r+ c C s t | t j S)ab Return true if the object is a traceback.
Traceback objects provide these attributes:
tb_frame frame object at this level
tb_lasti index of last attempted instruction in bytecode
tb_lineno current line number in Python source code
tb_next next inner traceback object (called by this level))r r
TracebackType)r
r r r istraceback s r- c C s t | t j S)a` Return true if the object is a frame object.
Frame objects provide these attributes:
f_back next outer frame object (this frame's caller)
f_builtins built-in namespace seen by this frame
f_code code object being executed in this frame
f_globals global namespace seen by this frame
f_lasti index of last attempted instruction in bytecode
f_lineno current line number in Python source code
f_locals local namespace seen by this frame
f_trace tracing function for this frame, or None)r r FrameType)r
r r r isframe s r/ c C s t | t j S)a/ Return true if the object is a code object.
Code objects provide these attributes:
co_argcount number of arguments (not including *, ** args
or keyword only arguments)
co_code string of raw compiled bytecode
co_cellvars tuple of names of cell variables
co_consts tuple of constants used in the bytecode
co_filename name of file in which this code object was created
co_firstlineno number of first line in Python source code
co_flags bitmap: 1=optimized | 2=newlocals | 4=*arg | 8=**arg
| 16=nested | 32=generator | 64=nofree | 128=coroutine
| 256=iterable_coroutine
co_freevars tuple of names of free variables
co_kwonlyargcount number of keyword only arguments (not including ** arg)
co_lnotab encoded mapping of line numbers to bytecode indices
co_name name with which this code object was defined
co_names tuple of names of local variables
co_nlocals number of local variables
co_stacksize virtual machine stack space required
co_varnames tuple of names of arguments and local variables)r r CodeType)r
r r r iscode s r1 c C s t | t j S)a, Return true if the object is a built-in function or method.
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__doc__ documentation string
__name__ original name of this function or method
__self__ instance to which a method is bound, or None)r r BuiltinFunctionType)r
r r r isbuiltin s r3 c C s. t | p- t | p- t | p- t | S)zE s z getmembers..)r getmrosetdir __bases____dict__itemsr r DynamicClassAttributeappendAttributeErrorgetattraddsort) r
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'class method' created via classmethod()
'static method' created via staticmethod()
'property' created via property()
'method' any other flavor of method or descriptor
'data' not a method
2. The class which defined this attribute (a class).
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resulting object does not live anywhere in the class' mro (including
metaclasses) then the object is looked up in the defining class's
dict (found by walking the mro).
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rb c C s | j S)zHReturn tuple of base classes (including cls) in method resolution order.)__mro__)rR r r r r: s r: stopc s d k r d d } n f d d } | } t | h } xS | | r | j } t | } | | k r t d j | | j | qE W| S)an Get the object wrapped by *func*.
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r c C sp t j j | } d d t j j D } | j x1 | D]) \ } } | j | r? | d | Sq? Wd S)z1Return the module name for a given file, or None.c S s# g | ] } t | | f q Sr )ro )rQ r r r r rS s z!getmodulename..N)r r r importlib machinery all_suffixesrE endswith)r Zfnamer r r r r r
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getsourcefile s !r c C s@ | d k r$ t | p! t | } t j j t j j | S)zReturn an absolute path to the source or compiled file for an object.
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} x. | d k rS| j | | rFP| d } q&W| | f St d d S)ab Return the entire source file and starting line number for an object.
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| d d j | d } d k r| | d 7} | S) a Format an argument spec from the values returned by getargspec
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q. W| rv | j | | | | | | r | j | | | | | d d j | d S)af Format an argument spec from the 4 values returned by getargvalues.
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r rL rC rF rG rH rM rI r r r r formatargvalues s !!rN c s f d d | D } t | } | d k r> | d } nW | d k r\ d j | } n9 d j | d d } | d d =d j | | } t d | | | r d
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The annotation for the parameter if specified. If the
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Describes how argument values are bound to the parameter.
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An ordered mutable mapping of parameters' names to arguments' values.
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* signature : Signature
The Signature object that created this instance.
* args : tuple
Tuple of positional arguments values.
* kwargs : dict
Dict of keyword arguments values.
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_signature __weakref__c C s | | _ | | _ d S)N)r r )r r r r r r r s zBoundArguments.__init__c C s | j S)N)r )r r r r r s zBoundArguments.signaturec C s g } x | j j j D]u \ } } | j t t f k r; Py | j | } Wn t k
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* parameters : OrderedDict
An ordered mapping of parameters' names to the corresponding
Parameter objects (keyword-only arguments are in the same order
as listed in `code.co_varnames`).
* return_annotation : object
The annotation for the return type of the function if specified.
If the function has no annotation for its return type, this
attribute is set to `Signature.empty`.
* bind(*args, **kwargs) -> BoundArguments
Creates a mapping from positional and keyword arguments to
parameters.
* bind_partial(*args, **kwargs) -> BoundArguments
Creates a partial mapping from positional and keyword arguments
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_return_annotation _parametersNr& r Tc C s[ | d k r t } n$| r#t } t } d } xt | D] \ } } | j } | j }
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r& )r r( r) r# r )r r( r& r r r r;
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