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Cannot read from %s: %s skip unknown form field: %s headers= encoder= no multipart to terminate @ @ @ @ @ @@ @ The etag options only work on a single URL invalid number specified for %s unsupported %s unit. Use G, M, K or B --%s is an insecure option, consider --ssl-reqd instead --%s is deprecated and has no function anymore --continue-at is mutually exclusive with --remove-on-error --fail deselects --fail-with-body here --fail-with-body deselects --fail here --continue-at is mutually exclusive with --no-clobber -v, --verbose overrides an earlier trace option The filename argument '%s' looks like a flag. Max config file recursion level reached (%u) --trace overrides an earlier trace/verbose option --trace-ascii overrides an earlier trace/verbose option --tls-max set lower than minimum accepted version --continue-at is mutually exclusive with --range Couldn't read file "%s" specified for "--ech ecl:" option The provided %s header '%s' does not look like a header? Invalid character is found in given range. A specified range MUST have only digits in 'start'-'stop'. The server's response to this request is uncertain. A specified range MUST include at least one dash (-). Appending one for you Illegal date format for -z, --time-cond (and not a filename). Disabling time condition. See curl_getdate(3) for valid date syntax. Overrides previous HTTP version option Minimum TLS version set higher than max The argument '%s' starts with a Unicode character. Maybe ASCII was intended? pkcs11: all,-lib-ids %c%.*s,-lib-ids ids,time,protocol ssl,read,write network --location overrides --follow --follow overrides --location answered no- expand- unsupported --rate unit too large --rate unit max-filesize & %s&%s ;auto pn: ecl: ecl:%s %ld- Failed to read %s missing URL before --next --url option %s: %s deleted draft flagged seen AF11 AF12 AF13 AF21 AF22 AF23 AF31 AF32 AF33 AF41 AF42 AF43 CS0 CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4 CS5 CS6 CS7 ECT0 ECT1 EF LOWCOST LOWDELAY MINCOST RELIABILITY THROUGHPUT VOICE-ADMIT abstract-unix-socket aws-sigv4 connect-timeout connect-to continue-at cookie cookie-jar create-file-mode curves data-ascii data-binary data-raw data-urlencode delegation disallow-username-in-url dns-interface dns-ipv4-addr dns-ipv6-addr dns-servers doh-url dump-header ech egd-file engine etag-compare etag-save expect100-timeout form form-string ftp-account ftp-alternative-to-user ftp-method ftp-port ftp-ssl ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ftp-ssl-reqd happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms haproxy-clientip help hostpubmd5 hostpubsha256 hsts include ip-tos ipfs-gateway keepalive-cnt keepalive-time knownhosts krb krb4 libcurl limit-rate local-port login-options mail-auth mail-from mail-rcpt max-redirs netrc-file noproxy oauth2-bearer output-dir parallel-max parallel-max-host preproxy proto proto-default proto-redir proxy-cacert proxy-cert proxy-cert-type proxy-crlfile proxy-header proxy-key proxy-key-type proxy-pass proxy-service-name proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert proxy-tlsauthtype proxy-tlspassword proxy-tlsuser proxy-user proxy1.0 quote random-file request-target resolve retry retry-delay retry-max-time sasl-authzid sigalgs socks4 socks4a socks5 socks5-gssapi-service socks5-hostname speed-limit speed-time ssl-sessions suppress-connect-headers telnet-option tftp-blksize time-cond tls-max trace trace-ascii trace-config upload-file upload-flags url-query user-agent vlan-priority write-out @ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ Ȯ@ 4@ 4@ 4@ @ 4@ h@ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ @ 4@ 4@ 4@ 4@ Ȯ@ 4@ 4@ 4@ @ 4@ h@ @ )@ @ @ @ @ p@ N@ /@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ m@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ g@ б@ g@ K@ /@ @ @ @ @ /@
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debug 2025-11-05 Release-Date: %s
ipfs Protocols: rtmp ipfs ipns Features: Build-time engines: connection Manage connections The command line tool itself deprecated Legacy dns Names and resolving FILE protocol global Global options HTTP and HTTPS protocol imap IMAP protocol ldap LDAP protocol File system output pop3 POP3 protocol post HTTP POST specific Options for proxies scp SCP protocol sftp SFTP protocol smtp SMTP protocol SSH protocol telnet TELNET protocol tftp TFTP protocol Timeouts and delays tls TLS/SSL related Upload, sending data Tracing, logging etc Usage: curl [options...]
This is not the full help; this menu is split into categories.
Use "--help category" to get an overview of all categories, which are: Incorrect option name to show help for, see curl -h
Unknown category provided, here is a list of all categories:
Use "--help all" to list all options
Use "--help [option]" to view documentation for a given option curl 8.17.0 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) %s
WARNING: curl and libcurl versions do not match. Functionality may be affected.
WARNING: this libcurl is Debug-enabled, do not use in production
ZB ,B -B -B A -B -B -B -B -B ZB .B .B .B @ .B %.B cA 4.B L.B Q.B _.B d.B ~.B r.B .B .B .B .B @ bB .B .B .B .B .B .B .B ?B .B /B /B /B $/B QB 2/B @ F/B J/B T[B Z/B B o/B unknown error GET (-G, --get) HEAD (-I, --head) POST (-d, --data) PUT (-T, --upload-file) HEAD is unknown requires parameter is badly used here out of memory too large number variable expansion failure multipart formpost (-F, --form) You can only select one HTTP request method! You asked for both %s and %s. Unnecessary use of -X or --request, %s is already inferred. Setting custom HTTP method to HEAD with -X/--request may not work the way you want. Consider using -I/--head instead. had unsupported trailing garbage expected a proper numerical parameter expected a positive numerical parameter the installed libcurl version does not support this a specified protocol is unsupported by libcurl the given option cannot be reversed with a --no- prefix --continue-at and --remote-header-name cannot be combined error encountered when reading a file blank argument where content is expected syntax error in --variable argument 4B 4B 4B 84B 84B 84B 84B 84B 06B X6B 6B 6B 6B 4B 84B 7B 4B H7B 7B 4B 7B 7B IPFS_GATEWAY IPFS_PATH %s/.ipfs/ %s%sgateway %s%s%s/%s%s malformed target URL IPFS automatic gateway detection failed --ipfs-gateway was given a malformed URL libssh2 threadsafe rtsp ;B g IB nB g {B B @ B g B B B g -B g 9B g EB g WB aB lB {B B g B @ B g B g B B g B g
B B g y9B @ +B g @ @B RB `B rB g ZB g .B g YB g cA g hA g 9B g .B g .B g /B g --abstract-unix-socket Connect via abstract Unix domain socket Enable alt-svc with this cache file Pick any authentication method Append to target file when uploading --aws-sigv4 CA certificate to verify peer against CA directory to verify peer against -E, --cert Client certificate file and password Verify server cert status OCSP-staple Certificate type (DER/PEM/ENG/PROV/P12) TLS 1.2 (1.1, 1.0) ciphers to use --connect-timeout Maximum time allowed to connect --connect-to Connect to host2 instead of host1 Send cookies from string/load from file Save cookies to after operation Create necessary local directory hierarchy (EC) TLS key exchange algorithms to request --disallow-username-in-url --dns-interface Interface to use for DNS requests IPv4 address to use for DNS requests IPv6 address to use for DNS requests Verify DoH server cert status OCSP-staple Allow insecure DoH server connections Write the embedded CA bundle to standard output Write the received headers to EGD socket path for random data Parse incoming ETag and save to a file --expect100-timeout How long to wait for 100-continue Fail fast with no output on HTTP errors Fail on HTTP errors but save the body Escape form fields using backslash --form-string --ftp-alternative-to-user Create the remote dirs if not present Send PASV/EPSV instead of PORT --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode Require TLS for login, clear for transfer Put the post data in the URL and use GET Disable URL globbing with {} and [] --happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms Send HAProxy PROXY protocol v1 header Pass custom header(s) to server Acceptable MD5 hash of host public key Acceptable SHA256 hash of host public key Enable HSTS with this cache file Use HTTP/2 without HTTP/1.1 Upgrade Ignore the size of the remote resource Allow insecure server connections Set IP Type of Service or Traffic Class Resolve names to IPv4 addresses Resolve names to IPv6 addresses Ignore session cookies read from file Maximum number of keepalive probes --keepalive-time Interval time for keepalive probes Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) Enable Kerberos with security Generate libcurl code for this command line Use a local port number within RANGE As --location, but send secrets to other hosts Originator address of the original email Maximum number of redirects allowed Maximum time allowed for transfer Process given URLs as metalink XML file Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication Must read .netrc for username and password Make next URL use separate options Disable the ALPN TLS extension Disable buffering of the output stream Do not overwrite files that already exist Disable TCP keepalive on the connection Do not show the progress meter Disable SSL session-ID reusing List of hosts which do not use proxy HTTP NTLM authentication with winbind Discard response data into the void Write to file instead of stdout Maximum concurrency for parallel transfers Maximum connections to a single host Passphrase for the private key Do not squash .. sequences in URL path Public key to verify peer against Do not switch to GET after a 301 redirect Do not switch to GET after a 302 redirect Do not switch to GET after a 303 redirect --preproxy <[protocol://]host[:port]> Display transfer progress as a bar --proto-default Use PROTOCOL for any URL missing a scheme Enable/disable PROTOCOLS on redirect -x, --proxy <[protocol://]host[:port]> Pick any proxy authentication method Use Basic authentication on the proxy Load CA certs from the OS to verify proxy CA certificates to verify proxy against CA directory to verify proxy against --proxy-cert Set client certificate for proxy Client certificate type for HTTPS proxy TLS 1.2 (1.1, 1.0) ciphers to use for proxy --proxy-header Pass custom header(s) to proxy Skip HTTPS proxy cert verification Private key file type for proxy HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) auth with the proxy NTLM authentication with the proxy Passphrase for private key for HTTPS proxy --proxy-pinnedpubkey FILE/HASHES public key to verify proxy with --proxy-service-name Allow this security flaw for HTTPS proxy --proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert Auto client certificate for proxy --proxy-tls13-ciphers --proxy-tlsauthtype TLS authentication type for HTTPS proxy --proxy-tlspassword -U, --proxy-user Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT) Send command(s) to server before transfer File for reading random data from Retrieve only the bytes within RANGE Request rate for serial transfers Do HTTP raw; no transfer decoding Use the header-provided filename Write output to file named as remote file Use the remote filename for all URLs Set remote file's time on local output Specify the target for this request --resolve <[+]host:port:addr[,addr]...> Retry request if transient problems occur Retry all errors (with --retry) Retry on connection refused (with --retry) --retry-max-time Identity for SASL PLAIN authentication Initial response in SASL authentication Show error even when -s is used Show response headers in output TLS signature algorithms to use Skip download if local file already exists SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port Username/password auth for SOCKS5 proxies Enable GSS-API auth for SOCKS5 proxies Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server --socks5-gssapi-service SOCKS5 proxy service name for GSS-API --socks5-hostname SOCKS5 proxy, pass hostname to proxy Stop transfers slower than this Trigger 'speed-limit' abort after this time Allow security flaw to improve interop Use auto client certificate (Schannel) Disable cert revocation checks (Schannel) Ignore missing cert CRL dist points Load/save SSL session tickets from/to this file Enable styled output for HTTP headers --suppress-connect-headers Suppress proxy CONNECT response headers Transfer based on a time condition Allow use of TLSv1.3 early data (0RTT) Request compressed transfer encoding Like --trace, but without hex output Details to log in trace/verbose output Transfer + connection ids in verbose output Add time stamps to trace/verbose output Connect through this Unix domain socket Transfer local FILE to destination Send User-Agent to server --variable <[%]name=text/@file> Make the operation more talkative --vlan-priority Output FORMAT after completion Store metadata in extended file attributes AWS V4 signature auth HTTP Basic Authentication Load CA certs from the OS Request compressed response Enable SSH compression Read config from a file -C, --continue-at Resumed transfer offset -b, --cookie -c, --cookie-jar --create-file-mode File mode for created files Convert LF to CRLF in upload Certificate Revocation list HTTP POST data HTTP POST ASCII data HTTP POST binary data HTTP POST data, '@' allowed HTTP POST data URL encoded GSS-API delegation permission HTTP Digest Authentication Disable .curlrc Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT Inhibit using EPSV Disallow username in URL --dns-ipv4-addr --dns-ipv6-addr --dns-servers DNS server addrs to use Resolve hostnames over DoH -D, --dump-header Configure ECH Crypto engine to use Load ETag from file Fail on first transfer error Enable TLS False Start Follow redirects per spec -F, --form Specify multipart MIME data Account data string String to replace USER [name] Control CWD usage Send PORT instead of PASV Send PRET before PASV Skip the IP address for PASV Send CCC after authenticating Set CCC mode Time for IPv6 before IPv4 Set address in HAProxy PROXY Show document info only -H, --header Get help for commands Allow HTTP/0.9 responses Use HTTP/1.0 Use HTTP/1.1 Use HTTP/2 Use HTTP/3 Use HTTP/3 only Use network interface Gateway for IPFS HTTP POST JSON -j, --junk-session-cookies --keepalive-cnt Private key filename Specify knownhosts path Limit transfer speed to RATE List only mode Follow redirects --login-options Server login options Mail from this address Mail to this address Allow RCPT TO command to fail Display the full manual Maximum file size to download Enable Multipath TCP Specify FILE for netrc Use either .netrc or URL Disable the NPN TLS extension --noproxy HTTP NTLM authentication OAuth 2 Bearer Token Directory to save files in Perform transfers in parallel Do not wait for multiplexing --parallel-max-host Use this proxy first Enable/disable PROTOCOLS --proto-redir Use this proxy Set a CRL list for proxy Digest auth with the proxy Use HTTP/2 with HTTPS proxy Private key for HTTPS proxy SPNEGO proxy service name TLS 1.3 proxy cipher suites TLS password for HTTPS proxy TLS username for HTTPS proxy TLSv1 for HTTPS proxy Proxy user and password SSH Public key filename --rate Referrer URL Remove output file on errors Specify request method to use Resolve host+port to address Wait time between retries Retry only within this period --sasl-authzid SPNEGO service name Silent mode -Y, --speed-limit -y, --speed-time Try enabling TLS Require SSL/TLS --ssl-sessions Where to redirect stderr Use TCP Fast Open Set TCP_NODELAY -t, --telnet-option Set telnet option Set TFTP BLKSIZE option Do not send any TFTP options Maximum allowed TLS version TLS 1.3 cipher suites to use TLS authentication type TLS password TLS username TLSv1.0 or greater TLSv1.1 or greater TLSv1.2 or greater TLSv1.3 or greater Write a debug trace to FILE IMAP upload behavior URL(s) to work with Add a URL query part Use ASCII/text transfer -u, --user Server user and password Set variable Show version number and quit Set VLAN priority @=B h=B B =B .B =B AB =B @ >B ZB gB ZB B 3ZB B 8>B -B `>B >B >B B >B ɰB ?B B (?B B MZB .B iZB B ZB P?B p?B @ ?B ?B ZB ZB ZB ?B ZB @B B @@B [B "[B B >[B @ B [[B $B p@B MB w[B E qB [B A B [B A ҴB [B A B [B A B [B B \B B !\B $B 1\B @ UB L\B @ @B _\B @B @B x\B AB \B 0AB \B \B B XAB ȶB AB 4B \B eB AB ]B AB @ B "]B ZB BB B 0]B B E]B B 0BB XBB BB @ B BB GB Y]B sB BB B v]B B ]B ]B ]B C 'B BB A CB ]B C hB ]B A @CB ]B @ B hCB @ λB ^B @ B CB @ B !^B @ :B ;^B @ JB Q^B @ }B n^B @ CB ^B @ ʽB CB @ B DB
B 8DB `DB ^B @ (B ^B PB DB B ^B ` ^B DB B _B B DB B DB HB (EB _B _B B 3_B B @_B B M_B B PEB -B X_B ]B c_B B xEB @ B EB B s_B UB EB lB _B B EB B FB B _B A _B 0FB _B XFB FB FB @ "B _B 3B FB `B _B B FB B GB B `B /B ,`B ` wB HGB B ;`B B pGB L`B j`B * dB GB B `B B `B B `B B `B B `B XB GB tB GB @ B HB B `B B HHB B xHB B aB B +aB B HB B HB IB HB jB IB |B HIB B DaB B pIB B IB baB IB ~B aB B IB B aB * B JB (B (JB B aB B aB =B aB uB HJB bB xJB B JB B JB B JB KB KB A rB @KB A B pKB A KB "bB B KB B 7bB KB LB PbB HLB pLB nbB B LB B LB B LB B MB B @MB hMB MB +B MB IB MB wB }bB B bB NB 8NB B bB B XNB B bB B NB 2B NB IB NB vB NB (OB POB OB bB B OB OB OB PB cB HPB hPB PB cB B B TB ZB TB B (UB B PUB xUB UB UB UB dB VB dB 8VB @ B dB * AB hVB B VB B VB B dB * ?B VB dB WB |B B B B B eB B @WB hWB WB B %eB B 7eB GeB eeB B weB B eB B WB @ B WB 8B eB B eB B eB /B eB KB
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B XB 'B fB CB fB pB fB A B fB @ fB fB B YB HYB gB B pYB B gB YB 3gB B YB B YB out of file descriptors Note: Warning: curl: curl: try 'curl --help' or 'curl --manual' for more information
cannot open '%s' CURLOPT_INFILESIZE_LARGE : HTTP error curl: (%d) %s
Failed writing body Keeping %ld bytes Accept-Ranges Throwing away %ld bytes Failed to truncate file Failed seeking to end of file Removed output file: %s Failed removing: %s ENG Failed to open %s: %s If-None-Match: %s If-None-Match: "" ab bad output glob fcntl failed on fd=%d: %s (%d) no URL specified CURL_CA_BUNDLE SSL_CERT_DIR SSL_CERT_FILE -q no transfer performed (retrying all errors) : timeout : connection refused : FTP error Closing per->infd != 0: FD == %d. This behavior is only supported on desktop Windows More details here: https://curl.se/docs/sslcerts.html
curl failed to verify the legitimacy of the server and therefore could not
establish a secure connection to it. To learn more about this situation and
how to fix it, please visit the webpage mentioned above.
curl: (%d) The requested URL returned error: %ld
Error setting extended attributes on '%s': %s The Retry-After: time would make this command line exceed the maximum allowed time for retries. Problem %s. Will retry in %ld%s%.*ld second%s. %ld retr%s left. Failed to flush output file stream Exceeded maximum supported file size (%ld + %ld) curl: (%d) Failed writing body Skipping removal; not a regular file: %s Got more output options than URLs Failed to allocate memory for custom etag header Failed creating file for saving etags: "%s". Skip this transfer Failed to extract a filename from the URL to use for storage output glob produces empty string skips transfer, "%s" exists locally Using --anyauth or --proxy-anyauth with upload from stdin involves a big risk of it not working. Use a temporary file or a fixed auth type instead (%d) Could not parse the URL, failed to set query Transfer aborted due to critical error in another transfer Transfer took %ld ms, waits %ldms as set by --rate 9B OB YB B nB curl_response No remote file name, uses "%s" Enter %s password for user '%s': Enter %s password for user '%s' on URL #%zu: unrecognized ftp file method '%s', using default unrecognized ftp CCC method '%s', using default unrecognized delegation method '%s', using none Content-Type: application/json %s:%s unrecognized protocol '%s' %s, passive active Content-Type Accept Accept: application/json curl/8.17.0 VB dB B B B %s:%d: '%s' %s cannot read config from '%s' %s:%d: warning: '%s' uses unquoted whitespace. This may cause side-effects. Consider double quotes. %5ld %2ld.%0ld%c %4ld%c %2ld:%02ld:%02ld %3ldd %02ldh %7ldd %3ld DL% UL% Dled Uled Xfers Live Total Current Left Speed
%-3s %-3s %s %s %5ld %5ld %s %s %s %s %5s MbP? @@\%03o \x%02x ... struct curl_slist *slist%d; slist%d = NULL; curl_slist_free_all(slist%d); curl_mime *mime%d; mime%d = NULL; mime%d = curl_mime_init(hnd); curl_mime_free(mime%d); curl_mimepart *part%d; curl_mime_name(part%d, "%s"); curl_mime_type(part%d, "%s"); CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1 CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_DEFAULT CURL_SSLVERSION_DEFAULT curl_easy_setopt(hnd, %s, %s(long)%s%s %*s %s%luUL); object function %s was set to a%s %s pointer CURLOPT_SSL_ENABLE_NPN 0L CURLFOLLOW_ALL CURLFOLLOW_OBEYCODE CURLFOLLOW_FIRSTONLY CURL_NETRC_IGNORED CURL_NETRC_OPTIONAL CURL_NETRC_REQUIRED CURLSSLOPT_ALLOW_BEAST CURLSSLOPT_NO_REVOKE CURLSSLOPT_NO_PARTIALCHAIN CURLSSLOPT_REVOKE_BEST_EFFORT CURLSSLOPT_NATIVE_CA CURLSSLOPT_AUTO_CLIENT_CERT CURLUSESSL_NONE CURLUSESSL_TRY CURLUSESSL_CONTROL CURLUSESSL_ALL CURLFTPSSL_CCC_NONE CURLFTPSSL_CCC_PASSIVE CURLFTPSSL_CCC_ACTIVE CURL_TIMECOND_IFMODSINCE CURL_TIMECOND_IFUNMODSINCE CURL_TIMECOND_LASTMOD CURL_TIMECOND_NONE CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_0 CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_1 CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_2 CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_3 CURL_SSLVERSION_SSLv2 CURL_SSLVERSION_SSLv3 CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_0 CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_1 CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_2 CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_3 CURL_HTTP_VERSION_NONE CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_0 CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1 CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_0 CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2TLS CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3 CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3ONLY CURLAUTH_ANY CURLAUTH_ANYSAFE CURLAUTH_BASIC CURLAUTH_DIGEST CURLAUTH_GSSNEGOTIATE CURLAUTH_NTLM CURLAUTH_DIGEST_IE CURLAUTH_ONLY CURLAUTH_NONE CURLHSTS_ENABLE CURLPROXY_SOCKS4 CURLPROXY_SOCKS5 CURLPROXY_SOCKS4A CURLPROXY_SOCKS5_HOSTNAME CURLPROXY_HTTP CURLPROXY_HTTP_1_0 CURLPROXY_HTTPS slist%d = curl_slist_append(slist%d, "%s"); part%d = curl_mime_addpart(mime%d); curl_mime_subparts(part%d, mime%d); curl_mime_data(part%d, "%s", CURL_ZERO_TERMINATED); curl_mime_filedata(part%d, "%s"); curl_mime_filename(part%d, NULL); curl_mime_data_cb(part%d, -1, (curl_read_callback) fread, \ (curl_seek_callback) fseek, NULL, stdin); curl_mime_filename(part%d, "%s"); curl_mime_encoder(part%d, "%s"); curl_mime_headers(part%d, slist%d, 1); curl_easy_setopt(hnd, %s, %ldL); curl_easy_setopt(hnd, %s, (long)%s); curl_easy_setopt(hnd, %s, (long)(%s | %s)); curl_easy_setopt(hnd, %s, mime%d); curl_easy_setopt(hnd, %s, slist%d); curl_easy_setopt(hnd, %s, (curl_off_t)%ld); curl_easy_setopt(hnd, %s, "%s"); vA xA vA xA xA HxA TxA \t\r\n\?\"\\
?"\ A A cB A +A &A CA A A zB }B B B B ȎB B B B B 7B UB jB B B B B ǏB ۏB B B !B ` PA [B ? ` PA B @
` PA B A
A B C B D B 8 ` PA 7B 4 ` PA JB * 3 ` PA {B 1 C ` PA B 0 5 ` PA B 6 A ` PA B 8 7 ` PA B B 6 ` PA B F 2 ` PA B E D ` PA rB A B A hB A VB A :B A B A wB A B A B A +B A B A B A B % A AB ! A .B A B A aB # A QB " A qB $ A B A B A B & A B G PA B ? ` PA 4B JB B \B {B curl: unknown --write-out variable: '%.*s'
\\ \" \b \f \n \r \t \u%04x "curl_version": ,
} user.xdg.referrer.url user.creator user.xdg.origin.url user.mime_type B < 5B {{ }} missing close '}}' in '%s' bad variable name length '%s' bad variable name: %s [64dec-fail] variable contains null byte Overwriting variable '%s' unknown variable function in '%.*s' Bad variable name length (%zd), skipping Variable '%s' import fail, not set Bad --variable syntax, skipping: %s ___| | | | _ \| | _ _ ____ _ / __| | | | |_) | | | (__| |_| | _ <| |___ \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
curl - transfer a URL
SYNOPSIS
curl [options / URLs]
DESCRIPTION libcurl(3) for details.
URL RFC 3986. the command line. in
http://[fe80::3%25eth0]/
GLOBBING
With leading zeroes: each other: letter:
VARIABLES backslash, like "\{{". not set:
--variable '%USER' expanded causes an error. when sent as POST data:
--variable %HOME https://example.com/
OUTPUT them.
PROTOCOLS
DICT
FILE
FTP(S)
GOPHER(S)
Retrieve files.
HTTP(S)
IMAP(S) With or without using TLS.
LDAP(S)
MQTT
POP3(S) using TLS.
RTMP(S)
RTSP
SCP
SFTP
SMB(S)
SMTP(S) without TLS.
TELNET
TFTP
WS(S)
PROGRESS METER bytes. or similar. the --silent option.
VERSION
curl https://curl.se/info
OPTIONS unexpected results. --verbose.
ALL OPTIONS value is used.
Example:
See also --unix-socket.
--alt-svc modified.
--anyauth
-a, --append https://example.com
--basic --negotiate).
See also --proxy-basic.
--ca-native verification. (Added in 8.13.0)
--cacert variable. PATH. application's directory.
--capath certificates. them independently. version). last set value is used.
--cert-status the verification fails.
--cert-type
--ciphers URL:
--compressed with --no-compressed.
--compressed-ssh --no-compressed-ssh.
See also --compressed.
-K, --config on the command line. 8.2.0). the file from stdin.
# --- Example file --- # this is a comment url = "example.com" output = "curlhere.html" -O places in this order:
1) "$CURL_HOME/.curlrc"
3) "$HOME/.curlrc" executable is placed. line
See also --disable. used.
Examples:
See also --max-time. "example.org". is not used by curl. figure that out.
See also --range. functions. cookies. file format. option. it.
--create-dirs systems. default 0644. is used.
--crlf
See also --use-ascii.
--crlfile
--curves utilities.
-d, --data --data-raw.
--data-ascii
--data-binary whatsoever.
See also --data-ascii.
--data-raw times in a command line
See also --data.
--data-urlencode
content
=content
name=content
@filename
name@filename to be URL-encoded already.
--delegation
none
policy
always
--digest
-q, --disable
See also --config.
--disable-eprt EPRT is necessary then.
--disable-epsv is necessary then.
See also --proto. set value is used.
--doh-cert-status
--doh-insecure checking. resolution insecure. --no-doh-insecure. --proxy-insecure.
--doh-url The URL must be HTTPS.
--dump-ca-embed then quit. curl --dump-ca-embed written to stdout. --dump-header.
See also --output.
--ech
false
grease
true fails.)
hard
ecl:
pn:
--egd-file
See also --random-file.
--engine
--etag-compare the stored ETag. subsequent request.
--etag-save command line.
-f, --fail greater. --no-fail.
--fail-early contained by --next.
--fail-with-body
--false-start
--follow for 301, 302 and 303. response code. --max-redirs. according to RFC 2388. message to transmit. by IMAP. input: server:
or double-quotes like: https://example.com backslash. https://example.com contents: X-header-2: this is another header as follows: the argument, It attaches a text file:
--form-escape in a command line
See also --form.
--ftp-account
See also --user.
--ftp-create-dirs
See also --create-dirs.
--ftp-method alternatives:
multicwd slowest behavior.
nocwd the fastest behavior.
singlecwd full penalty of "multicwd".
See also --list-only.
--ftp-pasv --disable-epsv.
-P, --ftp-port of:
interface use (Unix only)
IP address
hostname
- is really PORT++.
--ftp-pret
--ftp-skip-pasv-ip
See also --ftp-pasv.
--ftp-ssl-ccc with --no-ftp-ssl-ccc.
See also --ftp-ssl-ccc.
--ftp-ssl-control
See also --ssl.
-G, --get
-g, --globoff standard.
--haproxy-clientip sent.
--haproxy-protocol --no-haproxy-protocol.
See also --proxy.
-I, --head headers. uploaded mails. "X-Custom-Header:". HTTP proxy. chunked encoding.
-h, --help argument. command line arguments. available options. categories. curl --help all curl --help --insecure curl --help -f
See also --verbose.
--hostpubmd5 sftp://example.com/
--hostpubsha256 sftp://example.com/
--hsts
--http0.9 with --no-http0.9.
-0, --http1.0 extra effect. --http1.1.
--http1.1 --http0.9.
--http2 (HTTP) Use HTTP/2.
--http2-prior-knowledge handshake.
--http3 URLs. HTTP/1 and HTTP/2.
--http3-only error. the given host and port.
--ignore-content-length
-k, --insecure
--interface
if!
host!
IP address or hostname. curl returns with error 45. option on Windows.
--ip-tos
--ipfs-gateway
-4, --ipv4 effect. and --http2.
-6, --ipv6 example try IPv4.
--json options:
--data-binary [arg] sending.
--key
--key-type
See also --key.
--knownhosts directory by default. against. --insecure and --key.
--krb anymore. --delegation and --ssl.
--libcurl
--limit-rate
-l, --list-only server instead of LIST. listed in this mode.
--local-port
See also --globoff.
-L, --location this. method. --post302 and --post303. otherwise select to use.
--location-trusted or port number changed. server authentication.
--mail-auth
--mail-from
--mail-rcpt recipients.
--mail-rcpt-allowfails smtp://example.com
-M, --manual curl --manual
--max-filesize
See also --limit-rate.
--max-redirs
-m, --max-time
--metalink
See also --parallel.
--mptcp --no-mptcp.
--negotiate
-n, --netrc file. (Added in 8.16.0) out the file. checked for _netrc only.
machine host.example.com login myself password secret again with --no-netrc.
--netrc-file --user and --config.
--netrc-optional --netrc-file.
-:, --next line:
--no-alpn --no-npn and --http2.
-N, --no-buffer buffering.
--no-clobber
--no-keepalive --keepalive.
--no-npn 7.86.0). --no-alpn and --http2.
--no-progress-meter --silent does.
--no-sessionid again with --sessionid.
See also --insecure. "www.notlocal.com". override it.
--ntlm instead, such as Digest. --proxy-ntlm.
--ntlm-wb
--oauth2-bearer --user options.
--out-null in a command line.
-o, --output being fetched. Like in: the output to stdout.
Or for Windows:
curl example.com -o nul prevention: --remote-header-name.
--output-dir
-Z, --parallel transfers finish. -o file2 --parallel-immediate.
--parallel-immediate slower transfer startup.
--parallel-max target. value. ftp://example.com/
--pass
--path-as-is with --no-path-as-is.
--pinnedpubkey
PEM/DER support:
sha256 support:
--post301 with --no-post301.
--post302 with --no-post302.
--post303 with --no-post303. proxy. Hence pre proxy. assumed to be 1080.
-#, --progress-bar
--proto
+ already permitted.
= disables ftps Use the specified proxy. cannot be used.
--proxy-anyauth
--proxy-basic
--proxy-ca-native
--proxy-cacert be in PEM format. --proxy.
--proxy-capath
--proxy-cert-type
--proxy-ciphers on this URL:
--proxy-crlfile
--proxy-digest command line
--proxy-http2 with --no-proxy-http2.
--proxy-insecure
--proxy-key
--proxy-key-type
--proxy-negotiate
--proxy-ntlm with --no-proxy-ntlm.
--proxy-pass
--proxy-ssl-allow-beast this URL: --proxy-tlsuser is set.
--proxy-tlsuser
--proxy-tlsv1
See also --proxy-pass.
--proxy1.0
-p, --proxytunnel through to. with --no-proxytunnel.
--pubkey
See also --pass.
-Q, --quote SFTP servers. and \'.
atime date file
chgrp group file
chmod mode file
chown user file
mkdir directory_name directory_name operand.
mtime date file
pwd working directory.
rename source target operand.
rm file
rmdir directory
See ln.
See also --request.
--random-file of OpenSSL.
See also --egd-file.
-r, --range
0-499
500-999
-500
9500-
0-0,-1
100-199,500-599 document. as possible. --parallel is used. per hour. transfer was started. unrestricted.
--raw
See also --tr-encoding.
-e, --referer
-J, --remote-header-name has no effect. filenames. character sets).
See also --remote-name.
-O, --remote-name off.) use --output-dir. is not overwritten. filename. have.
--remote-name-all --no-remote-name-all. ftp://example.com/file2
-R, --remote-time --no-remote-time.
--remove-on-error transfer.
-X, --request and control characters.
HTTP and more. command line options.
FTP doing file lists with FTP.
POP3 RETR.
IMAP
SMTP VRFY.
--request-target different ports. used first.
--retry
--retry-all-errors read the example below. duplicate data.
--retry-connrefused
--retry-delay retries. not timeout retries.
--sasl-ir
--service-name
-S, --show-error fails.
-i, --show-headers a separate stream. the server.
--sigalgs
-s, --silent
--skip-existing --no-skip-existing. --no-clobber.
--socks4 proxy. mutually exclusive.
--socks4a resolve the hostname.
--socks5
--socks5-basic
See also --socks5.
--socks5-gssapi
--socks5-gssapi-nec --no-socks5-gssapi-nec. port 1080.
--ssl to a secure connection. encryption required. backend. --no-ssl.
--ssl-allow-beast on later TLS versions. --no-ssl-allow-beast.
--ssl-auto-client-cert
--ssl-no-revoke
See also --crlfile.
--ssl-reqd upgraded to use SSL/TLS. handshake does not work. with --no-ssl-reqd.
--ssl-revoke-best-effort reasons. secure.
-2, --sslv2
-3, --sslv3
--stderr
--styled-output capability.
--tcp-fastopen
See also --false-start.
--tcp-nodelay
See also --no-buffer. are:
TTYPE=
Sets the terminal type.
XDISPLOC=
NEW_ENV=
--tftp-blksize
--tftp-no-options
-z, --time-cond details.
--tls-earlydata sent that way. or rustls).
--tls-max
default
1.0
Use up to TLSv1.0.
1.1
Use up to TLSv1.1.
1.2
Use up to TLSv1.2.
1.3
Use up to TLSv1.3.
--tls13-ciphers
--tlsauthtype
See also --tlsuser.
--tlspassword
--tlsuser set.
See also --tlspassword.
-1, --tlsv1
--tlsv1.0 to a remote TLS server.
See also --tlsv1.3.
--tlsv1.1
--tlsv1.2
--tlsv1.3
--tr-encoding receiving it.
--trace logs with others. and --trace-time.
--trace-ascii
--trace-config components.
--trace-ids
--trace-time displays.
--unix-socket
-T, --upload-file
--upload-flags
--url curl --url @file
--url-query
-B, --use-ascii
-A, --user-agent --proxy-header options. with the new. case insensitive. given file: contents from two other:
Available functions:
trim
Example:
json
url
b64
64dec
(Added in 8.13.0) //example.com/{{name}}"
-v, --verbose read,write,ssl). wish to see.
-V, --version invocation. feature. date.
alt-svc
AsynchDNS resolver backends.
brotli
CharConv (like EBCDIC)
Debug only.
ECH
ECH support is present.
gsasl
GSS-API
GSS-API is supported.
HSTS
HSTS support is present.
HTTP2
HTTP3
HTTPS-proxy
IDN
IPv6
Kerberos
Largefile 2GB.
libz
MultiSSL
NTLM
NTLM_WB
PSL
SPNEGO
SSL
SSLS-EXPORT --ssl-sessions.
SSPI
SSPI is supported.
TLS-SRP TLS.
TrackMemory
Unicode
UnixSockets
zstd HTTP is supported. curl --version network.
-w, --write-out you write "@-". in 7.84.0). successful or not.
certs 7.88.0)
conn_id
content_type
errormsg
exitcode
filename_effective
ftp_entry_path remote FTP server.
header{name}
header_json 7.83.0)
http_code
http_connect
http_version (Added in 7.70.0)
local_ip
local_port
method in 7.72.0)
num_certs backends. (Added in 7.88.0)
num_connects
num_headers a header. (Added in 7.73.0)
num_redirects
num_retries used. (Added in 8.9.0)
onerror
output{filename} in 8.3.0)
proxy_ssl_verify_result successful.
proxy_used
redirect_url
referer
remote_ip can be either IPv4 or IPv6.
remote_port
response_code
scheme effectively used.
size_download
size_header
size_request
size_upload
speed_download download. Bytes per second.
speed_upload upload. Bytes per second.
ssl_verify_result
stderr standard error.
stdout
time{format}
time_appconnect completed.
time_connect
time_namelookup resolving was completed.
time_posttransfer
time_pretransfer
time_queue in 8.12.0)
time_redirect
time_starttransfer
time_total
tls_earlydata
url.scheme
url.user
url.password 8.1.0)
url.options
url.host
url.port
url.path
url.query
url.fragment
url.zoneid
urle.scheme (Added in 8.1.0)
urle.user
urle.password fetched. (Added in 8.1.0)
urle.options
urle.host
urle.port
urle.path
urle.query
urle.fragment
urle.zoneid
urlnum (Added in 7.75.0)
url_effective
xfer_id
TIME OUTPUT FORMAT displayed as-is and-
%a current locale.
%A locale.
%b
%B
%c %H:%M:%S %Y".)
%C
%d
%D
%e
%f
%F
%G that year is used instead.
%g (00-99).
%h
Equivalent to "%b".
%H to 23).
%I to 12).
%j
%k
%l
%m
%M
%p
%P
%r
%R
%s +0000 (UTC).
%S microseconds.
%T
%u 1.
%U
%V "%W".
%w 0. See also "%u".
%W week 01.
%x without the time.
%X without the date.
%y 99).
%Y
%z "+0000".
%Z
%%
A literal "%" character.
--xattr --no-xattr.
~/.curlrc
ENVIRONMENT using the --proxy option. POP3, IMAP, SMTP, LDAP, etc. hostname itself.
APPDATA
COLUMNS
CURL_CA_BUNDLE
CURL_HOME rustls, schannel, wolfssl
HOME
NETRC path. (Added in curl 8.16.0)
QLOGDIR
SHELL
SSL_CERT_DIR
SSL_CERT_FILE
SSLKEYLOGFILE Rustls.
USERPROFILE default .curlrc file.
PROXY PROTOCOL PREFIXES
http:// used.
https://
socks4://
socks4a://
socks5://
socks5h://
EXIT CODES
0 instructions.
1 protocol.
2
Failed to initialize.
3
4
5
6
7
Failed to connect to host.
8
9
10 connection or similar.
11 request.
12
13
14 sent.
15 227-line.
16 error message for details.
17
18
19 command failed.
21
22
23 similar.
25 STOR command.
26
27
28 to the conditions.
30
31 for resumed FTP transfers.
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
LDAP search failed.
41
42
43
45
47 amount.
48 up in the manual.
49
Malformed telnet option.
52
53
54
55
56
58
59
60
61
63
Maximum file size exceeded.
64
65
66
67 log in.
68
69
70
71
Illegal TFTP operation.
72
Unknown TFTP transfer ID.
73
File already exists (TFTP).
74
No such user (TFTP).
77
78
79
80
82
83
Issuer check failed.
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95 details.
96
97
Proxy handshake error.
98
99
100
XX
BUGS
AUTHORS
WWW
https://curl.se
SEE ALSO
ftp(1), wget(1)
curl is a tool for transferring data from or to a server using URLs. It supports these protocols: DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, GOPHERS, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, MQTT, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTMPS, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMB, SMBS, SMTP, SMTPS, TELNET, TFTP, WS and WSS.
curl is powered by libcurl for all transfer-related features. See
The URL syntax is protocol-dependent. You find a detailed description in
If you provide a URL without a leading protocol:// scheme, curl guesses what protocol you want. It then defaults to HTTP but assumes others based on often-used hostname prefixes. For example, for hostnames starting with "ftp." curl assumes you want FTP.
You can specify any amount of URLs on the command line. They are fetched in a sequential manner in the specified order unless you use --parallel. You can specify command line options and URLs mixed and in any order on
curl attempts to reuse connections when doing multiple transfers, so that getting many files from the same server do not use multiple connects and setup handshakes. This improves speed. Connection reuse can only be done for URLs specified for a single command line invocation and cannot be performed between separate curl runs.
Provide an IPv6 zone id in the URL with an escaped percentage sign. Like
Everything provided on the command line that is not a command line option or its argument, curl assumes is a URL and treats it as such.
You can specify multiple URLs or parts of URLs by writing lists within braces or ranges within brackets. We call this "globbing".
Provide a list with three different names like this:
http://site.{one,two,three}.com
Do sequences of alphanumeric series by using [] as in:
ftp://ftp.example.com/file[1-100].txt
ftp://ftp.example.com/file[001-100].txt
With letters through the alphabet:
ftp://ftp.example.com/file[a-z].txt
Nested sequences are not supported, but you can use several ones next to
http://example.com/archive[1996-1999]/vol[1-4]/part{a,b,c}.html
You can specify a step counter for the ranges to get every Nth number or
http://example.com/file[1-100:10].txt
http://example.com/file[a-z:2].txt
When using [] or {} sequences when invoked from a command line prompt, you probably have to put the full URL within double quotes to avoid the shell from interfering with it. This also goes for other characters treated special, like for example '&', '?' and '*'.
Switch off globbing with --globoff.
curl supports command line variables (added in 8.3.0). Set variables with --variable name=content or --variable name@file (where "file" can be stdin if set to a single dash (-)).
Variable contents can be expanded in option parameters using "{{name}}" if the option name is prefixed with "--expand-". This gets the contents of the variable "name" inserted, or a blank if the name does not exist as a variable. Insert "{{" verbatim in the string by prefixing it with a
You access and expand environment variables by first importing them. You select to either require the environment variable to be set or you can provide a default value in case it is not already set. Plain "--variable %name" imports the variable called "name" but exits with an error if that environment variable is not already set. To provide a default value if it is not set, use "--variable %name=content" or "--variable %name@content".
Example. Get the USER environment variable into the URL, fail if USER is --expand-url = "https://example.com/api/{{USER}}/method"
When expanding variables, curl supports a set of functions that can make the variable contents more convenient to use. It can trim leading and trailing white space with "trim", it can output the contents as a JSON quoted string with "json", URL encode the string with "url", base64 encode it with "b64" and base64 decode it with "64dec". To apply functions to a variable expansion, add them colon separated to the right side of the variable. Variable content holding null bytes that are not encoded when
Example: get the contents of a file called $HOME/.secret into a variable called "fix". Make sure that the content is trimmed and percent-encoded --expand-variable fix@{{HOME}}/.secret --expand-data "{{fix:trim:url}}"
Command line variables and expansions were added in 8.3.0.
If not told otherwise, curl writes the received data to stdout. It can be instructed to instead save that data into a local file, using the --output or --remote-name options. If curl is given multiple URLs to transfer on the command line, it similarly needs multiple options for where to save
curl does not parse or otherwise "understand" the content it gets or writes as output. It does no encoding or decoding, unless explicitly asked to with dedicated command line options.
curl supports numerous protocols, or put in URL terms: schemes. Your particular build may not support them all.
Lets you lookup words using online dictionaries.
Read or write local files. curl does not support accessing file:// URL remotely, but when running on Microsoft Windows using the native UNC approach works. Only absolute paths.
curl supports the File Transfer Protocol with a lot of tweaks and levers. With or without using TLS.
curl supports HTTP with numerous options and variations. It can speak HTTP version 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 2 and 3 depending on build options and the correct command line options.
Using the mail reading protocol, curl can download emails for you.
curl can do directory lookups for you, with or without TLS.
curl supports MQTT version 3. Downloading over MQTT equals subscribing to a topic while uploading/posting equals publishing on a topic. MQTT over TLS is not supported (yet).
Downloading from a pop3 server means getting an email. With or without
The Realtime Messaging Protocol is primarily used to serve streaming media and curl can download it.
curl supports RTSP 1.0 downloads.
curl supports SSH version 2 scp transfers.
curl supports SFTP (draft 5) done over SSH version 2.
curl supports SMB version 1 for upload and download.
Uploading contents to an SMTP server means sending an email. With or
Fetching a telnet URL starts an interactive session where it sends what it reads on stdin and outputs what the server sends it.
curl can do TFTP downloads and uploads.
WebSocket done over HTTP/1. WSS implies that it works over HTTPS.
curl normally displays a progress meter during operations, indicating the amount of transferred data, transfer speeds and estimated time left, etc. The progress meter displays the transfer rate in bytes per second. The suffixes ("k" for kilo, "M" for mega, "G" for giga, "T" for tera, and "P" for peta) are 1024 based. For example 1k is 1024 bytes. 1M is 1048576
curl displays this data to the terminal by default, so if you invoke curl to do an operation and it is about to write data to the terminal, it disables the progress meter as otherwise it would mess up the output mixing progress meter and response data.
If you want a progress meter for HTTP POST or PUT requests, you need to redirect the response output to a file, using shell redirect (>), --output
This does not apply to FTP upload as that operation does not spit out any response data to the terminal.
If you prefer a progress bar instead of the regular meter, --progress-bar is your friend. You can also disable the progress meter completely with
This man page describes curl 8.17.0. If you use a later version, chances are this man page does not fully document it. If you use an earlier version, this document tries to include version information about which specific version that introduced changes.
You can always learn which the latest curl version is by running
The online version of this man page is always showing the latest incarnation: https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html
Options start with one or two dashes. Many of the options require an additional value next to them. If provided text does not start with a dash, it is presumed to be and treated as a URL.
The short "single-dash" form of the options, -d for example, may be used with or without a space between it and its value, although a space is a recommended separator. The long double-dash form, --data for example, requires a space between it and its value.
Short version options that do not need any additional values can be used immediately next to each other, like for example you can specify all the options -O, -L and -v at once as -OLv.
In general, all boolean options are enabled with --option and yet again disabled with --no-option. That is, you use the same option name but prefix it with "no-". However, in this list we mostly only list and show the --option version of them.
When --next is used, it resets the parser state and you start again with a clean option state, except for the options that are global. Global options retain their values and meaning even after --next.
If the long option name ends with an equals sign ("="), the argument is the text following on its right side. (Added in 8.16.0)
The first argument that is exactly two dashes ("--"), marks the end of options; any argument after the end of options is interpreted as a URL argument even if it starts with a dash.
curl does little to no verification of the contents of command line arguments. Passing in "creative octets" like newlines might trigger
The following options are global: --fail-early, --libcurl, --parallel-immediate, --parallel-max-host, --parallel-max, --parallel, --progress-bar, --rate, --show-error, --stderr, --styled-output, --trace-ascii, --trace-config, --trace-ids, --trace-time, --trace and
--abstract-unix-socket (HTTP) Connect to the server through an abstract Unix domain socket, instead of using the network. Note: netstat shows the path of an abstract socket prefixed with "@", however the argument should not have this leading character. If --abstract-unix-socket is provided several times, the last set curl --abstract-unix-socket socketpath https://example.com (HTTPS) Enable the alt-svc parser. If the filename points to an existing alt-svc cache file, that gets used. After a completed transfer, the cache is saved to the filename again if it has been
Specify a "" filename (zero length) to avoid loading/saving and make curl just handle the cache in memory.
If this option is used several times, curl loads contents from all the files but the last one is used for saving. --alt-svc can be used several times in a command line curl --alt-svc svc.txt https://example.com
See also --resolve and --connect-to. (HTTP) Figure out authentication method automatically, and use the most secure one the remote site claims to support. This is done by first doing a request and checking the response-headers, thus possibly inducing an extra network round-trip. This option is used instead of setting a specific authentication method, which you can do with --basic, --digest, --ntlm, and --negotiate.
Using --anyauth is not recommended if you do uploads from stdin, since it may require data to be sent twice and then the client must be able to rewind. If the need should arise when uploading from stdin, the upload operation fails.
Used together with --user. curl --anyauth --user me:pwd https://example.com
See also --proxy-anyauth, --basic and --digest. (FTP SFTP) When used in an upload, this option makes curl append to the target file instead of overwriting it. If the remote file does not exist, it is created. Note that this flag is ignored by some SFTP servers (including OpenSSH). Providing --append multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-append. curl --upload-file local --append ftp://example.com/
See also --range and --continue-at.
--aws-sigv4 (HTTP) Use AWS V4 signature authentication in the transfer.
The provider argument is a string that is used by the algorithm when creating outgoing authentication headers.
The region argument is a string that points to a geographic area of a resources collection (region-code) when the region name is omitted from the endpoint.
The service argument is a string that points to a function provided by a cloud (service-code) when the service name is omitted from the endpoint. If --aws-sigv4 is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --aws-sigv4 "aws:amz:us-east-2:es" --user "key:secret" \
Added in 7.75.0. See also --basic and --user. (HTTP) Use HTTP Basic authentication with the remote host. This method is the default and this option is usually pointless, unless you use it to override a previously set option that sets a different authentication method (such as --ntlm, --digest, or
Used together with --user. Providing --basic multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-basic. curl -u name:password --basic https://example.com (TLS) Use the operating system's native CA store for certificate
This option is independent of other CA certificate locations set at run time or build time. Those locations are searched in addition to the native CA store.
This option works with OpenSSL and its forks (LibreSSL, BoringSSL, etc) on Windows (Added in 7.71.0) and on Apple OS when libcurl is built with Apple SecTrust enabled. (Added in 8.17.0)
This option works with wolfSSL on Windows, Linux (Debian, Ubuntu, Gentoo, Fedora, RHEL), macOS, Android and iOS. (Added in 8.3.0)
This option works with GnuTLS (Added in 8.5.0) and also uses Apple SecTrust when libcurl is built with it. (Added in 8.17.0)
This option works with rustls on Windows, macOS, Android and iOS. On Linux it is equivalent to using the Mozilla CA certificate bundle. When used with rustls _only_ the native CA store is consulted, not other locations set at run time or build time.
This option currently has no effect for Schannel. This is the native TLS library from Microsoft, that by default uses the native CA store for verification unless overridden by a CA certificate location setting. Providing --ca-native multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-ca-native. curl --ca-native https://example.com
Added in 8.2.0. See also --cacert, --capath, --dump-ca-embed, --insecure and --proxy-ca-native. (TLS) Use the specified certificate file to verify the peer. The file may contain multiple CA certificates. The certificate(s) must be in PEM format. Normally curl is built to use a default file for this, so this option is typically used to alter that default file.
curl recognizes the environment variable named 'CURL_CA_BUNDLE' if it is set and the TLS backend is not Schannel, and uses the given path as a path to a CA cert bundle. This option overrides that
(Windows) curl automatically looks for a CA certs file named 'curl-ca-bundle.crt', either in the same directory as curl.exe, or in the Current Working Directory, or in any folder along your
curl 8.11.0 added a build-time option to disable this search behavior, and another option to restrict search to the
(Schannel) This option is supported for Schannel in Windows 7 or later (added in 7.60.0). This option is supported for backward compatibility with other SSL engines; instead it is recommended to use Windows' store of root certificates (the default for Schannel). If --cacert is provided several times, the last set curl --cacert CA-file.txt https://example.com
See also --capath, --dump-ca-embed and --insecure. (TLS) Use the specified certificate directory to verify the peer. If curl is built against OpenSSL, multiple paths can be provided by separating them with the appropriate platform-specific separator (e.g. "path1:path2:path3" on Unix-style platforms for "path1;path2;path3" on Windows).
The certificates must be in PEM format, and if curl is built against OpenSSL, the directory must have been processed using the c_rehash utility supplied with OpenSSL. Using --capath can allow OpenSSL-powered curl to make SSL-connections much more efficiently than using --cacert if the --cacert file contains many CA
If this option is set, the default capath value is ignored. If --capath is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --capath /local/directory https://example.com
See also --cacert, --dump-ca-embed and --insecure.
-E, --cert (TLS) Use the specified client certificate file when getting a file with HTTPS, FTPS or another SSL-based protocol. The certificate must be PEM format. If the optional password is not specified, it is queried for on the terminal. Note that this option assumes a certificate file that is the private key and the client certificate concatenated. See --cert and --key to specify
In the portion of the argument, you must escape the character ":" as "\:" so that it is not recognized as the password delimiter. Similarly, you must escape the double quote character as \" so that it is not recognized as an escape character.
If curl is built against OpenSSL, and the engine pkcs11 or pkcs11 provider is available, then a PKCS#11 URI (RFC 7512) can be used to specify a certificate located in a PKCS#11 device. A string beginning with "pkcs11:" is interpreted as a PKCS#11 URI. If a PKCS#11 URI is provided, then the --engine option is set as "pkcs11" if none was provided and the --cert-type option is set as "ENG" or "PROV" if none was provided (depending on OpenSSL
If curl is built against GnuTLS, a PKCS#11 URI can be used to specify a certificate located in a PKCS#11 device. A string beginning with "pkcs11:" is interpreted as a PKCS#11 URI.
(Schannel) Client certificates must be specified by a path expression to a certificate store. (Loading PFX is not supported; you can import it to a store first). You can use "\\" to refer to a certificate in the system certificates store, for example, "CurrentUser\MY\934a7ac6f8a5d579285a74fa61e19f23ddfe8d7a". Thumbprint is usually a SHA-1 hex string which you can see in certificate details. Following store locations are supported: CurrentUser, LocalMachine, CurrentService, Services, CurrentUserGroupPolicy, LocalMachineGroupPolicy and LocalMachineEnterprise. If --cert is provided several times, the curl --cert certfile --key keyfile https://example.com
See also --cert-type, --key and --key-type. (TLS) Verify the status of the server certificate by using the Certificate Status Request (aka. OCSP stapling) TLS extension.
If this option is enabled and the server sends an invalid (e.g. expired) response, if the response suggests that the server certificate has been revoked, or no response at all is received,
This support is currently only implemented in the OpenSSL and GnuTLS backends. Providing --cert-status multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-cert-status. curl --cert-status https://example.com
See also --pinnedpubkey. (TLS) Set type of the provided client certificate. PEM, DER, ENG, PROV and P12 are recognized types.
The default type depends on the TLS backend and is usually PEM. For Schannel it is P12. If --cert is a pkcs11: URI then ENG or PROV is the default type (depending on OpenSSL version). If --cert-type is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --cert-type PEM --cert file https://example.com
See also --cert, --key and --key-type. (TLS) Specify which cipher suites to use in the connection if it negotiates TLS 1.2 (1.1, 1.0). The list of ciphers suites must specify valid ciphers. Read up on cipher suite details on this
https://curl.se/docs/ssl-ciphers.html If --ciphers is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:\ ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 https://example.com
See also --tls13-ciphers, --proxy-ciphers and --curves. (HTTP) Request a compressed response using one of the algorithms curl supports, and automatically decompress the content.
Response headers are not modified when saved, so if they are "interpreted" separately again at a later point they might appear to be saying that the content is (still) compressed; while in fact it has already been decompressed.
If this option is used and the server sends an unsupported encoding, curl reports an error. This is a request, not an order; the server may or may not deliver data compressed. Providing --compressed multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again curl --compressed https://example.com
See also --compressed-ssh. (SCP SFTP) Enable SSH compression. This is a request, not an order; the server may or may not do it. This allows the data to be sent compressed over the wire, and automatically decompressed in the receiving end, to save bandwidth. Providing --compressed-ssh multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with curl --compressed-ssh sftp://example.com/ Specify a text file to read curl arguments from. The command line arguments found in the text file are used as if they were provided
Options and their parameters must be specified on the same line in the file, separated by whitespace, colon, or the equals sign. Long option names can optionally be given in the config file without the initial double dashes and if so, the colon or equals characters can be used as separators. If the option is specified with one or two dashes, there can be no colon or equals character between the option and its parameter.
If the parameter contains whitespace or starts with a colon (:) or equals sign (=), it must be specified enclosed within double quotes ("like this"). Within double quotes the following escape sequences are available: \\, \", \t, \n, \r and \v. A backslash preceding any other letter is ignored.
If the first non-blank column of a config line is a '#' character, that line is treated as a comment.
Only write one option per physical line in the config file. A single line is required to be no more than 10 megabytes (since
Specify the filename to --config as minus "-" to make curl read
Note that to be able to specify a URL in the config file, you need to specify it using the --url option, and not by simply writing the URL on its own line. So, it could look similar to this:
url = "https://curl.se/docs/" user-agent = "superagent/1.0"
# and fetch another URL too url = "example.com/docs/manpage.html" referer = "http://nowhereatall.example.com/" # --- End of example file ---
When curl is invoked, it (unless --disable is used) checks for a default config file and uses it if found, even when --config is used. The default config file is checked for in the following
2) "$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/curlrc" (Added in 7.73.0)
4) Windows: "%USERPROFILE%\.curlrc"
5) Windows: "%APPDATA%\.curlrc"
6) Windows: "%USERPROFILE%\Application Data\.curlrc"
7) Non-Windows: use getpwuid to find the home directory
8) On Windows, if it finds no .curlrc file in the sequence described above, it checks for one in the same directory the curl
On Windows two filenames are checked per location: .curlrc and _curlrc, preferring the former. Older versions on Windows checked for _curlrc only. --config can be used several times in a command curl --config file.txt https://example.com
--connect-timeout Maximum time in seconds that you allow curl's connection to take. This only limits the connection phase, so if curl connects within the given period it continues - if not it exits.
This option accepts decimal values. The decimal value needs to be provided using a dot (.) as decimal separator - not the local version even if it might be using another separator.
The connection phase is considered complete when the DNS lookup and requested TCP, TLS or QUIC handshakes are done. If --connect-timeout is provided several times, the last set value is curl --connect-timeout 20 https://example.com curl --connect-timeout 3.14 https://example.com
--connect-to For a request intended for the "HOST1:PORT1" pair, connect to "HOST2:PORT2" instead. This option is only used to establish the network connection. It does NOT affect the hostname/port number that is used for TLS/SSL (e.g. SNI, certificate verification) or for the application protocols.
"HOST1" and "PORT1" may be empty strings, meaning any host or any port number. "HOST2" and "PORT2" may also be empty strings, meaning use the request's original hostname and port number.
A hostname specified to this option is compared as a string, so it needs to match the name used in the request URL. It can be either numerical such as "127.0.0.1" or the full host name such as
Example: redirect connects from the example.com hostname to 127.0.0.1 independently of port number:
curl --connect-to example.com::127.0.0.1: https://example.com/
Example: redirect connects from all hostnames to 127.0.0.1 independently of port number:
curl --connect-to ::127.0.0.1: http://example.com/
--connect-to can be used several times in a command line curl --connect-to example.com:443:example.net:8443 \
See also --resolve and --header.
-C, --continue-at Resume a previous transfer from the given byte offset. The given offset is the exact number of bytes that are skipped, counting from the beginning of the source file before it is transferred to the destination. If used with uploads, the FTP server command SIZE
Use "-C -" to instruct curl to automatically find out where/how to resume the transfer. It then uses the given output/input files to
When using this option for HTTP uploads using POST or PUT, functionality is not guaranteed. The HTTP protocol has no standard interoperable resume upload and curl uses a set of headers for this purpose that once proved working for some servers and have been left for those who find that useful.
This command line option is mutually exclusive with --range: you can only use one of them for a single transfer.
The --no-clobber and --remove-on-error options cannot be used together with --continue-at. If --continue-at is provided several curl -C - https://example.com curl -C 400 https://example.com
-b, --cookie (HTTP) This option has two slightly separate cookie sending
Either: pass the exact data to send to the HTTP server in the Cookie header. It is supposedly data previously received from the server in a "Set-Cookie:" line. The data should be in the format "NAME1=VALUE1; NAME2=VALUE2". When given a set of specific cookies, curl populates its cookie header with this content explicitly in all outgoing request(s). If multiple requests are done due to authentication, followed redirects or similar, they all get this cookie header passed on.
Or: If no "=" symbol is used in the argument, it is instead treated as a filename to read previously stored cookie from. This option also activates the cookie engine which makes curl record incoming cookies, which may be handy if you are using this in combination with the --location option or do multiple URL transfers on the same invoke.
If the filename is a single minus ("-"), curl reads the contents from stdin. If the filename is an empty string ("") and is the only cookie input, curl activates the cookie engine without any
The file format of the file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers (Set-Cookie style) or the Netscape/Mozilla cookie
The file specified with --cookie is only used as input. No cookies are written to that file. To store cookies, use the --cookie-jar
If you use the Set-Cookie file format and do not specify a domain then the cookie is not sent since the domain never matches. To address this, set a domain in Set-Cookie line (doing that includes subdomains) or preferably: use the Netscape format.
Users often want to both read cookies from a file and write updated cookies back to a file, so using both --cookie and --cookie-jar in the same command line is common.
If curl is built with PSL (Public Suffix List) support, it detects and discards cookies that are specified for such suffix domains that should not be allowed to have cookies. If curl is not built with PSL support, it has no ability to stop super cookies. --cookie can be used several times in a command line curl -b "" https://example.com curl -b cookiefile https://example.com curl -b cookiefile -c cookiefile https://example.com curl -b name=Jane https://example.com
See also --cookie-jar and --junk-session-cookies.
-c, --cookie-jar (HTTP) Specify to which file you want curl to write all cookies after a completed operation. curl writes all cookies from its in-memory cookie storage to the given file at the end of operations. Even if no cookies are known, a file is created so that it removes any formerly existing cookies from the file. The file uses the Netscape cookie file format. If you set the filename to a single minus, "-", the cookies are written to stdout.
The file specified with --cookie-jar is only used for output. No cookies are read from the file. To read cookies, use the --cookie option. Both options can specify the same file.
This command line option activates the cookie engine that makes curl record and use cookies. The --cookie option also activates
If the cookie jar cannot be created or written to, the whole curl operation does not fail or even report an error clearly. Using --verbose gets a warning displayed, but that is the only visible feedback you get about this possibly lethal situation. If --cookie-jar is provided several times, the last set value is curl -c store-here.txt https://example.com curl -c store-here.txt -b read-these https://example.com
See also --cookie and --junk-session-cookies. When used in conjunction with the --output option, curl creates the necessary local directory hierarchy as needed. This option creates the directories mentioned with the --output option combined with the path possibly set with --output-dir. If the combined output filename uses no directory, or if the directories it mentions already exist, no directories are created.
Created directories are made with mode 0750 on Unix-style file
To create remote directories when using FTP or SFTP, try --ftp-create-dirs. Providing --create-dirs multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-create-dirs. curl --create-dirs --output local/dir/file https://example.com
See also --ftp-create-dirs and --output-dir.
--create-file-mode (SFTP SCP FILE) When curl is used to create files remotely using one of the supported protocols, this option allows the user to set which 'mode' to set on the file at creation time, instead of the
This option takes an octal number as argument. If --create-file-mode is provided several times, the last set value curl --create-file-mode 0777 -T localfile sftp://example.com/new
Added in 7.75.0. See also --ftp-create-dirs. (FTP SMTP) Convert line feeds to carriage return plus line feeds in upload. Useful for MVS (OS/390). Providing --crlf multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-crlf. curl --crlf -T file ftp://example.com/ (TLS) Provide a file using PEM format with a Certificate Revocation List that may specify peer certificates that are to be considered revoked. If --crlfile is provided several times, the curl --crlfile rejects.txt https://example.com
See also --cacert and --capath. (TLS) Set specific curves to use during SSL session establishment according to RFC 8422, 5.1. Multiple algorithms can be provided by separating them with ":" (e.g. "X25519:P-521"). The parameter is available identically in the OpenSSL "s_client" and "s_server"
--curves allows a OpenSSL powered curl to make SSL-connections with exactly the (EC) curve requested by the client, avoiding nontransparent client/server negotiations.
If this option is set, the default curves list built into OpenSSL are ignored. If --curves is provided several times, the last set curl --curves X25519 https://example.com
Added in 7.73.0. See also --ciphers. (HTTP MQTT) Send the specified data in a POST request to the HTTP server, in the same way that a browser does when a user has filled in an HTML form and presses the submit button. This option makes curl pass the data to the server using the content-type application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Compared to --form.
--data-raw is almost the same but does not have a special interpretation of the @ character. To post data purely binary, you should instead use the --data-binary option. To URL-encode the value of a form field you may use --data-urlencode.
If any of these options is used more than once on the same command line, the data pieces specified are merged with a separating &-symbol. Thus, using '-d name=daniel -d skill=lousy' would generate a post chunk that looks like 'name=daniel&skill=lousy'.
If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a filename to read the data from, or - if you want curl to read the data from stdin. Posting data from a file named 'foobar' would thus be done with --data @foobar. When --data is told to read from a file like that, carriage returns, newlines and null bytes are stripped out. If you do not want the @ character to have a special interpretation use --data-raw instead.
The data for this option is passed on to the server exactly as provided on the command line. curl does not convert, change or improve it. It is up to the user to provide the data in the correct form. --data can be used several times in a command line curl -d "name=curl" https://example.com curl -d "name=curl" -d "tool=cmdline" https://example.com curl -d @filename https://example.com
This option is mutually exclusive with --form, --head and --upload-file. See also --data-binary, --data-urlencode and (HTTP) This option is just an alias for --data. --data-ascii can be used several times in a command line curl --data-ascii @file https://example.com
See also --data-binary, --data-raw and --data-urlencode. (HTTP) Post data exactly as specified with no extra processing filename. "@-" makes curl read the data from stdin. Data is posted in a similar manner as --data does, except that newlines and carriage returns are preserved and conversions are never done.
Like --data the default content-type sent to the server is application/x-www-form-urlencoded. If you want the data to be treated as arbitrary binary data by the server then set the content-type to octet-stream: -H "Content-Type: application/octet-stream".
If this option is used several times, the ones following the first append data as described in --data. --data-binary can be used several times in a command line curl --data-binary @filename https://example.com (HTTP) Post data similarly to --data but without the special interpretation of the @ character. --data-raw can be used several curl --data-raw "hello" https://example.com curl --data-raw "@at@at@" https://example.com (HTTP) Post data, similar to the other --data options with the exception that this performs URL-encoding.
To be CGI-compliant, the part should begin with a name followed by a separator and a content specification. The part can be passed to curl using one of the following syntaxes:
URL-encode the content and pass that on. Just be careful so that the content does not contain any "=" or "@" symbols, as that makes the syntax match one of the other cases below.
URL-encode the content and pass that on. The preceding "=" symbol is not included in the data.
URL-encode the content part and pass that on. Note that the name part is expected to be URL-encoded already.
load data from the given file (including any newlines), URL-encode that data and pass it on in the POST. Using "@-" makes curl read the data from stdin. URL-encode that data and pass it on in the POST. The name part gets an equal sign appended, resulting in name=urlencoded-file-content. Note that the name is expected
--data-urlencode can be used several times in a command line curl --data-urlencode name=val https://example.com curl --data-urlencode =encodethis https://example.com curl --data-urlencode name@file https://example.com curl --data-urlencode @fileonly https://example.com
See also --data and --data-raw. (GSS/kerberos) Set LEVEL what curl is allowed to delegate when it comes to user credentials.
Do not allow any delegation.
Delegates if and only if the OK-AS-DELEGATE flag is set in the Kerberos service ticket, which is a matter of realm policy.
Unconditionally allow the server to delegate.
If --delegation is provided several times, the last set value is curl --delegation "none" https://example.com
See also --insecure and --ssl. (HTTP) Enable HTTP Digest authentication. This authentication scheme avoids sending the password over the wire in clear text. Use this in combination with the normal --user option to set username and password. Providing --digest multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-digest. curl -u name:password --digest https://example.com
See also --user, --proxy-digest and --anyauth. If used as the first parameter on the command line, the curlrc config file is not read or used. See the --config for details on the default config file search path. Providing --disable multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-disable. curl -q https://example.com (FTP) Disable the use of the EPRT and LPRT commands when doing active FTP transfers. curl normally first attempts to use EPRT before using PORT, but with this option, it uses PORT right away. EPRT is an extension to the original FTP protocol, and does not work on all servers, but enables more functionality in a better way than the traditional PORT command.
--eprt can be used to explicitly enable EPRT again and --no-eprt is an alias for --disable-eprt.
If the server is accessed using IPv6, this option has no effect as
Disabling EPRT only changes the active behavior. If you want to switch to passive mode you need to not use --ftp-port or force it with --ftp-pasv. Providing --disable-eprt multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-disable-eprt. curl --disable-eprt ftp://example.com/
See also --disable-epsv and --ftp-port. (FTP) Disable the use of the EPSV command when doing passive FTP transfers. curl normally first attempts to use EPSV before PASV, but with this option, it does not try EPSV.
--epsv can be used to explicitly enable EPSV again and --no-epsv is an alias for --disable-epsv.
If the server is an IPv6 host, this option has no effect as EPSV
Disabling EPSV only changes the passive behavior. If you want to switch to active mode you need to use --ftp-port. Providing --disable-epsv multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-disable-epsv. curl --disable-epsv ftp://example.com/
See also --disable-eprt and --ftp-port.
--disallow-username-in-url Exit with error if passed a URL containing a username. Probably most useful when the URL is being provided at runtime or similar.
Accepting and using credentials in a URL is normally considered a security hazard as they are easily leaked that way. Providing --disallow-username-in-url multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-disallow-username-in-url. curl --disallow-username-in-url https://example.com
--dns-interface (DNS) Send outgoing DNS requests through the given interface. This option is a counterpart to --interface (which does not affect DNS). The supplied string must be an interface name (not an address). If --dns-interface is provided several times, the last curl --dns-interface eth0 https://example.com
--dns-interface requires that libcurl is built to support c-ares. See also --dns-ipv4-addr and --dns-ipv6-addr.
--dns-ipv4-addr (DNS) Bind to a specific IP address when making IPv4 DNS requests, so that the DNS requests originate from this address. The argument should be a single IPv4 address. If --dns-ipv4-addr is provided curl --dns-ipv4-addr 10.1.2.3 https://example.com
--dns-ipv4-addr requires that libcurl is built to support c-ares. See also --dns-interface and --dns-ipv6-addr.
--dns-ipv6-addr (DNS) Bind to a specific IP address when making IPv6 DNS requests, should be a single IPv6 address. If --dns-ipv6-addr is provided curl --dns-ipv6-addr 2a04:4e42::561 https://example.com
--dns-ipv6-addr requires that libcurl is built to support c-ares. See also --dns-interface and --dns-ipv4-addr.
--dns-servers (DNS) Set the list of DNS servers to be used instead of the system default. The list of IP addresses should be separated with commas. Port numbers may also optionally be given, appended to the IP address separated with a colon. If --dns-servers is provided curl --dns-servers 192.168.0.1,192.168.0.2 https://example.com curl --dns-servers 10.0.0.1:53 https://example.com
--dns-servers requires that libcurl is built to support c-ares. (DNS) Same as --cert-status but used for DoH (DNS-over-HTTPS).
Verify the status of the DoH servers' certificate by using the
If this option is enabled and the DoH server sends an invalid (e.g. expired) response, if the response suggests that the server GnuTLS backends. Providing --doh-cert-status multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-doh-cert-status. curl --doh-cert-status --doh-url https://doh.example \
Added in 7.76.0. See also --doh-insecure. (DNS) By default, every connection curl makes to a DoH server is verified to be secure before the transfer takes place. This option tells curl to skip the verification step and proceed without
WARNING: using this option makes the DoH transfer and name
This option is equivalent to --insecure and --proxy-insecure but used for DoH (DNS-over-HTTPS) only. Providing --doh-insecure curl --doh-insecure --doh-url https://doh.example \
Added in 7.76.0. See also --doh-url, --insecure and (DNS) Specify which DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) server to use to resolve hostnames, instead of using the default name resolver mechanism.
Some SSL options that you set for your transfer also apply to DoH since the name lookups take place over SSL. However, the certificate verification settings are not inherited but are controlled separately via --doh-insecure and --doh-cert-status.
By default, DoH is bypassed when initially looking up DNS records of the DoH server. You can specify the IP address(es) of the DoH server with --resolve to avoid this.
This option is unset if an empty string "" is used as the URL. (Added in 7.85.0) If --doh-url is provided several times, the last curl --doh-url https://doh.example https://example.com curl --doh-url https://doh.example --resolve \ doh.example:443:192.0.2.1 https://example.com
See also --doh-insecure. (TLS) Write the CA bundle embedded in curl to standard output,
If curl was not built with a default CA bundle embedded, the output is empty. Providing --dump-ca-embed multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-dump-ca-embed.
Added in 8.10.0. See also --ca-native, --cacert, --capath, --proxy-ca-native, --proxy-cacert and --proxy-capath.
-D, --dump-header (HTTP FTP) Write the received protocol headers to the specified file. If no headers are received, the use of this option creates an empty file. Specify "-" as filename (a single minus) to have it
Starting in curl 8.10.0, specify "%" (a single percent sign) as filename writes the output to stderr.
When used in FTP, the FTP server response lines are considered being "headers" and thus are saved there.
Starting in curl 8.11.0, using the --create-dirs option can also create missing directory components for the path provided in
Having multiple transfers in one set of operations (i.e. the URLs in one --next clause), appends them to the same file, separated by a blank line. If --dump-header is provided several times, the last curl --dump-header store.txt https://example.com curl --dump-header - https://example.com -o save (HTTPS) Specify how to do ECH (Encrypted Client Hello).
The values allowed for can be:
Do not attempt ECH. The is the default.
Send a GREASE ECH extension
Attempt ECH if possible, but do not fail if ECH is not attempted. (The connection fails if ECH is attempted but
Attempt ECH and fail if that is not possible. ECH only works with TLS 1.3 and also requires using DoH or providing an ECHConfigList on the command line.
A base64 encoded ECHConfigList that is used for ECH.
A name to use to over-ride the "public_name" field of an ECHConfigList (only available with OpenSSL TLS support)
Most ECH related errors cause error CURLE_ECH_REQUIRED (101). If --ech is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --ech true https://example.com
Added in 8.8.0. See also --doh-url. (TLS) Deprecated option (added in 7.84.0). Prior to that it only had an effect on curl if built to use old versions of OpenSSL.
Specify the path name to the Entropy Gathering Daemon socket. The socket is used to seed the random engine for SSL connections. If --egd-file is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --egd-file /random/here https://example.com (TLS) Select the OpenSSL crypto engine to use for cipher operations. Use "--engine list" to print a list of build-time supported engines. Note that not all (and possibly none) of the engines may be available at runtime.
The OpenSSL concept "engines" has been superseded by "providers" in OpenSSL 3, and this option should work fine to specify such as well. If --engine is provided several times, the last set value is curl --engine flavor https://example.com
See also --ciphers and --curves. (HTTP) Make a conditional HTTP request for the specific ETag read from the given file by sending a custom If-None-Match header using
For correct results, make sure that the specified file contains only a single line with the desired ETag. A non-existing or empty file is treated as an empty ETag.
Use the option --etag-save to first save the ETag from a response, and then use this option to compare against the saved ETag in a
Use this option with a single URL only. If --etag-compare is provided several times, the last set value is used. curl --etag-compare etag.txt https://example.com
Added in 7.68.0. See also --etag-save and --time-cond. (HTTP) Save an HTTP ETag to the specified file. An ETag is a caching related header, usually returned in a response. Use this option with a single URL only.
If no ETag is sent by the server, an empty file is created.
In many situations you want to use an existing etag in the request to avoid downloading the same resource again but also save the new etag if it has indeed changed, by using both etag options --etag-save and --etag-compare with the same filename, in the same
Starting in curl 8.12.0, using the --create-dirs option can also --etag-save. If --etag-save is provided several times, the last curl --etag-save storetag.txt https://example.com
Added in 7.68.0. See also --etag-compare.
--expect100-timeout (HTTP) Maximum time in seconds that you allow curl to wait for a 100-continue response when curl emits an Expects: 100-continue header in its request. By default curl waits one second. This option accepts decimal values. When curl stops waiting, it continues as if a response was received.
The decimal value needs to be provided using a dot (".") as decimal separator - not the local version even if it might be using another separator. If --expect100-timeout is provided curl --expect100-timeout 2.5 -T file https://example.com
See also --connect-timeout. (HTTP) Fail with error code 22 and with no response body output at all for HTTP transfers returning HTTP response codes at 400 or
In normal cases when an HTTP server fails to deliver a document, it returns a body of text stating so (which often also describes why and more) and a 4xx HTTP response code. This command line option prevents curl from outputting that data and instead returns error 22 early. By default, curl does not consider HTTP response codes to indicate failure.
To get both the error code and also save the content, use --fail-with-body instead.
This method is not fail-safe and there are occasions where non-successful response codes slip through, especially when authentication is involved (response codes 401 and 407). Providing --fail multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with curl --fail https://example.com
This option is mutually exclusive with --fail-with-body. See also --fail-with-body and --fail-early. Fail and exit on the first detected transfer error.
When curl is used to do multiple transfers on the command line, it attempts to operate on each given URL, one by one. By default, it ignores errors if there are more URLs given and the last URL's success determines the error code curl returns. Early failures are "hidden" by subsequent successful transfers.
Using this option, curl instead returns an error on the first transfer that fails, independent of the amount of URLs that are given on the command line. This way, no transfer failures go undetected by scripts and similar.
This option does not imply --fail, which causes transfers to fail due to the server's HTTP status code. You can combine the two options, however note --fail is not global and is therefore
This option is global and does not need to be specified for each use of --next. Providing --fail-early multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-fail-early. curl --fail-early https://example.com https://two.example
See also --fail and --fail-with-body. (HTTP) Return an error on server errors where the HTTP response code is 400 or greater). In normal cases when an HTTP server fails to deliver a document, it returns an HTML document stating so (which often also describes why and more). This option allows curl to output and save that content but also to return error 22.
This is an alternative option to --fail which makes curl fail for the same circumstances but without saving the content. Providing --fail-with-body multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-fail-with-body. curl --fail-with-body https://example.com
This option is mutually exclusive with --fail. Added in 7.76.0. See also --fail and --fail-early. (TLS) No TLS backend currently supports this feature.
Use false start during the TLS handshake. False start is a mode where a TLS client starts sending application data before verifying the server's Finished message, thus saving a round trip when performing a full handshake. Providing --false-start multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-false-start. curl --false-start https://example.com
See also --tcp-fastopen. (HTTP) Instructs curl to follow HTTP redirects and to do the custom request method set with --request when following redirects as the HTTP specification says.
The method string set with --request is used in subsequent requests for the status codes 307 or 308, but may be reset to GET
This is subtly different than --location, as that option always set the custom method in all subsequent requests independent of
Restrict which protocols a redirect is accepted to follow with --proto-redir. Providing --follow multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it again with --no-follow. curl -X POST --follow https://example.com
Added in 8.16.0. See also --request, --location, --proto-redir and
-F, --form (HTTP SMTP IMAP) For the HTTP protocol family, emulate a filled-in form in which a user has pressed the submit button. This makes curl POST data using the Content-Type multipart/form-data
For SMTP and IMAP protocols, this composes a multipart mail
This enables uploading of binary files etc. To force the 'content' part to be a file, prefix the filename with an @ sign. To just get the content part from a file, prefix the filename with the symbol <. The difference between @ and < is then that @ makes a file get attached in the post as a file upload, while the < makes a text field and just gets the contents for that text field from a file.
Read content from stdin instead of a file by using a single "-" as filename. This goes for both @ and < constructs. When stdin is used, the contents is buffered in memory first by curl to determine its size and allow a possible resend. Defining a part's data from a named non-regular file (such as a named pipe or similar) is not subject to buffering and is instead read at transmission time; since the full size is unknown before the transfer starts, such data is sent as chunks by HTTP and rejected
Example: send an image to an HTTP server, where 'profile' is the name of the form-field to which the file portrait.jpg is the
curl -F profile=@portrait.jpg https://example.com/upload.cgi
Example: send your name and shoe size in two text fields to the
curl -F name=John -F shoesize=11 https://example.com/
Example: send your essay in a text field to the server. Send it as a plain text field, but get the contents for it from a local file:
curl -F "story=HTML message