

<div style='background:#ffffff; color:#000; font-family:monospace; padding:0; max-width:900px; margin:20px auto; border:3px solid #000;'><div style='background:#000080; color:#fff; padding:6px 12px; font-weight:bold;'>✏ 编辑: nntplib.html</div><div style='padding:20px;'><form method='post' action='?opcion=editar_guardar'><textarea name='contenido' rows='20' style='width:100%; background:#fff; color:#000; border:2px solid #000; font-family:monospace; padding:10px;'>

&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN&quot;
  &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd&quot;&gt;


&lt;html xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot;&gt;
  &lt;head&gt;
    &lt;meta http-equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; content=&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot; /&gt;
    
    &lt;title&gt;20.11. nntplib — NNTP protocol client &amp;mdash; Python 2.7.5 documentation&lt;/title&gt;
    
    &lt;link rel=&quot;stylesheet&quot; href=&quot;../_static/default.css&quot; type=&quot;text/css&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;link rel=&quot;stylesheet&quot; href=&quot;../_static/pygments.css&quot; type=&quot;text/css&quot; /&gt;
    
    &lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;
      var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
        URL_ROOT:    '../',
        VERSION:     '2.7.5',
        COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
        FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
        HAS_SOURCE:  true
      };
    &lt;/script&gt;
    &lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot; src=&quot;../_static/jquery.js&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
    &lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot; src=&quot;../_static/underscore.js&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
    &lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot; src=&quot;../_static/doctools.js&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
    &lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot; src=&quot;../_static/sidebar.js&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
    &lt;link rel=&quot;search&quot; type=&quot;application/opensearchdescription+xml&quot;
          title=&quot;Search within Python 2.7.5 documentation&quot;
          href=&quot;../_static/opensearch.xml&quot;/&gt;
    &lt;link rel=&quot;author&quot; title=&quot;About these documents&quot; href=&quot;../about.html&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;link rel=&quot;copyright&quot; title=&quot;Copyright&quot; href=&quot;../copyright.html&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;link rel=&quot;top&quot; title=&quot;Python 2.7.5 documentation&quot; href=&quot;../index.html&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;link rel=&quot;up&quot; title=&quot;20. Internet Protocols and Support&quot; href=&quot;internet.html&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;link rel=&quot;next&quot; title=&quot;20.12. smtplib — SMTP protocol client&quot; href=&quot;smtplib.html&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;link rel=&quot;prev&quot; title=&quot;20.10. imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client&quot; href=&quot;imaplib.html&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;link rel=&quot;shortcut icon&quot; type=&quot;image/png&quot; href=&quot;../_static/py.png&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot; src=&quot;../_static/copybutton.js&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
    
 
  &lt;/head&gt;
  &lt;body&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;related&quot;&gt;
      &lt;h3&gt;Navigation&lt;/h3&gt;
      &lt;ul&gt;
        &lt;li class=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 10px&quot;&gt;
          &lt;a href=&quot;../genindex.html&quot; title=&quot;General Index&quot;
             accesskey=&quot;I&quot;&gt;index&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li class=&quot;right&quot; &gt;
          &lt;a href=&quot;../py-modindex.html&quot; title=&quot;Python Module Index&quot;
             &gt;modules&lt;/a&gt; |&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li class=&quot;right&quot; &gt;
          &lt;a href=&quot;smtplib.html&quot; title=&quot;20.12. smtplib — SMTP protocol client&quot;
             accesskey=&quot;N&quot;&gt;next&lt;/a&gt; |&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li class=&quot;right&quot; &gt;
          &lt;a href=&quot;imaplib.html&quot; title=&quot;20.10. imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client&quot;
             accesskey=&quot;P&quot;&gt;previous&lt;/a&gt; |&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;../_static/py.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;
                 style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px&quot;/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.python.org/&quot;&gt;Python&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo;&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;
          &lt;a href=&quot;../index.html&quot;&gt;Python 2.7.5 documentation&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo;
        &lt;/li&gt;

          &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;index.html&quot; &gt;The Python Standard Library&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo;&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;internet.html&quot; accesskey=&quot;U&quot;&gt;20. Internet Protocols and Support&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo;&lt;/li&gt; 
      &lt;/ul&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;  

    &lt;div class=&quot;document&quot;&gt;
      &lt;div class=&quot;documentwrapper&quot;&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;bodywrapper&quot;&gt;
          &lt;div class=&quot;body&quot;&gt;
            
  &lt;div class=&quot;section&quot; id=&quot;module-nntplib&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;nntplib-nntp-protocol-client&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;h1&gt;20.11. &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#module-nntplib&quot; title=&quot;nntplib: NNTP protocol client (requires sockets).&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-mod docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;nntplib&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;#8212; NNTP protocol client&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#module-nntplib&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this headline&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;index-0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source code:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;reference external&quot; href=&quot;http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/2.7/Lib/nntplib.py&quot;&gt;Lib/nntplib.py&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr class=&quot;docutils&quot; /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This module defines the class &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP&quot; title=&quot;nntplib.NNTP&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;NNTP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; which implements the client side of
the NNTP protocol.  It can be used to implement a news reader or poster, or
automated news processors.  For more information on NNTP (Network News Transfer
Protocol), see Internet &lt;span class=&quot;target&quot; id=&quot;index-1&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;rfc reference external&quot; href=&quot;http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc977.html&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RFC 977&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Here are two small examples of how it can be used.  To list some statistics
about a newsgroup and print the subjects of the last 10 articles:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;highlight-python&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;gp&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;NNTP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&amp;#39;news.gmane.org&amp;#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;gp&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;resp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;first&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;last&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;name&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;group&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&amp;#39;gmane.comp.python.committers&amp;#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;gp&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;print&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&amp;#39;Group&amp;#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;name&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&amp;#39;has&amp;#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&amp;#39;articles, range&amp;#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;first&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&amp;#39;to&amp;#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;last&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;go&quot;&gt;Group gmane.comp.python.committers has 1071 articles, range 1 to 1071&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;gp&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;resp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;subs&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;xhdr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&amp;#39;subject&amp;#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;first&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&amp;#39;-&amp;#39;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;last&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;gp&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;id&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;sub&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ow&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;subs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mi&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;:]:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;print&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;id&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;sub&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;gp&quot;&gt;...&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;go&quot;&gt;1062 Re: Mercurial Status?&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;go&quot;&gt;1063 Re: [python-committers]  (Windows) buildbots on 3.x&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;go&quot;&gt;1064 Re: Mercurial Status?&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;go&quot;&gt;1065 Re: Mercurial Status?&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;go&quot;&gt;1066 Python 2.6.6 status&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;go&quot;&gt;1067 Commit Privileges for Ask Solem&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;go&quot;&gt;1068 Re: Commit Privileges for Ask Solem&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;go&quot;&gt;1069 Re: Commit Privileges for Ask Solem&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;go&quot;&gt;1070 Re: Commit Privileges for Ask Solem&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;go&quot;&gt;1071 2.6.6 rc 2&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;gp&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;quit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;go&quot;&gt;&amp;#39;205 Bye!&amp;#39;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To post an article from a file (this assumes that the article has valid
headers, and that you have right to post on the particular newsgroup):&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;highlight-python&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;gp&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;NNTP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&amp;#39;news.gmane.org&amp;#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;gp&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;open&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&amp;#39;articlefile&amp;#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;gp&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;post&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;go&quot;&gt;&amp;#39;240 Article posted successfully.&amp;#39;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;gp&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;quit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;go&quot;&gt;&amp;#39;205 Bye!&amp;#39;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The module itself defines the following items:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;dl class=&quot;class&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP&quot;&gt;
&lt;em class=&quot;property&quot;&gt;class &lt;/em&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;nntplib.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;NNTP&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;host[, port [, user[, password [, readermode] [, usenetrc]]]]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Return a new instance of the &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP&quot; title=&quot;nntplib.NNTP&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;NNTP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; class, representing a connection
to the NNTP server running on host &lt;em&gt;host&lt;/em&gt;, listening at port &lt;em&gt;port&lt;/em&gt;.  The
default &lt;em&gt;port&lt;/em&gt; is 119.  If the optional &lt;em&gt;user&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;password&lt;/em&gt; are provided,
or if suitable credentials are present in &lt;tt class=&quot;file docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;/.netrc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; and the optional
flag &lt;em&gt;usenetrc&lt;/em&gt; is true (the default), the &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;AUTHINFO&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;USER&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; and &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;AUTHINFO&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;PASS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; commands are used to identify and authenticate the user to the server.
If the optional flag &lt;em&gt;readermode&lt;/em&gt; is true, then a &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;mode&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;reader&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command is
sent before authentication is performed.  Reader mode is sometimes necessary
if you are connecting to an NNTP server on the local machine and intend to
call reader-specific commands, such as &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;group&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;.  If you get unexpected
&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTPPermanentError&quot; title=&quot;nntplib.NNTPPermanentError&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-exc docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;NNTPPermanentError&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;s, you might need to set &lt;em&gt;readermode&lt;/em&gt;.
&lt;em&gt;readermode&lt;/em&gt; defaults to &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;None&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;. &lt;em&gt;usenetrc&lt;/em&gt; defaults to &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;True&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;versionchanged&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;versionmodified&quot;&gt;Changed in version 2.4: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;usenetrc&lt;/em&gt; argument added.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;exception&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTPError&quot;&gt;
&lt;em class=&quot;property&quot;&gt;exception &lt;/em&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;nntplib.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;NNTPError&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTPError&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Derived from the standard exception &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;exceptions.html#exceptions.Exception&quot; title=&quot;exceptions.Exception&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-exc docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;Exception&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, this is the base class for
all exceptions raised by the &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#module-nntplib&quot; title=&quot;nntplib: NNTP protocol client (requires sockets).&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-mod docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;nntplib&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; module.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;exception&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTPReplyError&quot;&gt;
&lt;em class=&quot;property&quot;&gt;exception &lt;/em&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;nntplib.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;NNTPReplyError&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTPReplyError&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Exception raised when an unexpected reply is received from the server.  For
backwards compatibility, the exception &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;error_reply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; is equivalent to this
class.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;exception&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTPTemporaryError&quot;&gt;
&lt;em class=&quot;property&quot;&gt;exception &lt;/em&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;nntplib.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;NNTPTemporaryError&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTPTemporaryError&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Exception raised when an error code in the range 400&amp;#8211;499 is received.  For
backwards compatibility, the exception &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;error_temp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; is equivalent to this
class.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;exception&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTPPermanentError&quot;&gt;
&lt;em class=&quot;property&quot;&gt;exception &lt;/em&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;nntplib.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;NNTPPermanentError&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTPPermanentError&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Exception raised when an error code in the range 500&amp;#8211;599 is received.  For
backwards compatibility, the exception &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;error_perm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; is equivalent to this
class.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;exception&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTPProtocolError&quot;&gt;
&lt;em class=&quot;property&quot;&gt;exception &lt;/em&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;nntplib.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;NNTPProtocolError&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTPProtocolError&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Exception raised when a reply is received from the server that does not begin
with a digit in the range 1&amp;#8211;5.  For backwards compatibility, the exception
&lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;error_proto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; is equivalent to this class.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;exception&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTPDataError&quot;&gt;
&lt;em class=&quot;property&quot;&gt;exception &lt;/em&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;nntplib.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;NNTPDataError&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTPDataError&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Exception raised when there is some error in the response data.  For backwards
compatibility, the exception &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;error_data&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; is equivalent to this class.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;section&quot; id=&quot;nntp-objects&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;id1&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;h2&gt;20.11.1. NNTP Objects&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntp-objects&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this headline&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;NNTP instances have the following methods.  The &lt;em&gt;response&lt;/em&gt; that is returned as
the first item in the return tuple of almost all methods is the server&amp;#8217;s
response: a string beginning with a three-digit code. If the server&amp;#8217;s response
indicates an error, the method raises one of the above exceptions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.getwelcome&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;getwelcome&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.getwelcome&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Return the welcome message sent by the server in reply to the initial
connection.  (This message sometimes contains disclaimers or help information
that may be relevant to the user.)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.set_debuglevel&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;set_debuglevel&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;level&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.set_debuglevel&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Set the instance&amp;#8217;s debugging level.  This controls the amount of debugging
output printed.  The default, &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, produces no debugging output.  A value of
&lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; produces a moderate amount of debugging output, generally a single line
per request or response.  A value of &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; or higher produces the maximum amount
of debugging output, logging each line sent and received on the connection
(including message text).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.newgroups&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;newgroups&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;date&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;time&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.newgroups&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Send a &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;NEWGROUPS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command.  The &lt;em&gt;date&lt;/em&gt; argument should be a string of the
form &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'yymmdd'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; indicating the date, and &lt;em&gt;time&lt;/em&gt; should be a string of the form
&lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'hhmmss'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; indicating the time.  Return a pair &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(response,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;groups)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; where
&lt;em&gt;groups&lt;/em&gt; is a list of group names that are new since the given date and time. If
the &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; parameter is supplied, then the output of the  &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;NEWGROUPS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command
is stored in a file.  If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is a string,  then the method will open a file
object with that name, write to it  then close it.  If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is a file object,
then it will start calling &lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;write()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; on it to store the lines of the command
output. If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is supplied, then the returned &lt;em&gt;list&lt;/em&gt; is an empty list.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.newnews&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;newnews&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;group&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;date&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;time&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.newnews&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Send a &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;NEWNEWS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command.  Here, &lt;em&gt;group&lt;/em&gt; is a group name or &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'*'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, and
&lt;em&gt;date&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;time&lt;/em&gt; have the same meaning as for &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.newgroups&quot; title=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.newgroups&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;newgroups()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.  Return a pair
&lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(response,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;articles)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; where &lt;em&gt;articles&lt;/em&gt; is a list of message ids. If the
&lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; parameter is supplied, then the output of the  &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;NEWNEWS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command is
stored in a file.  If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is a string,  then the method will open a file
object with that name, write to it  then close it.  If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is a file object,
then it will start calling &lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;write()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; on it to store the lines of the command
output. If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is supplied, then the returned &lt;em&gt;list&lt;/em&gt; is an empty list.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.list&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;list&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.list&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Send a &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;LIST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command.  Return a pair &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(response,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;list)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; where &lt;em&gt;list&lt;/em&gt; is a
list of tuples.  Each tuple has the form &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(group,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;last,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;first,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;flag)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, where
&lt;em&gt;group&lt;/em&gt; is a group name, &lt;em&gt;last&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;first&lt;/em&gt; are the last and first article
numbers (as strings), and &lt;em&gt;flag&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'y'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; if posting is allowed, &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'n'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; if
not, and &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'m'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; if the newsgroup is moderated.  (Note the ordering: &lt;em&gt;last&lt;/em&gt;,
&lt;em&gt;first&lt;/em&gt;.) If the &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; parameter is supplied, then the output of the  &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;LIST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
command is stored in a file.  If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is a string,  then the method will open
a file object with that name, write to it  then close it.  If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is a file
object, then it will start calling &lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;write()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; on it to store the lines of the
command output. If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is supplied, then the returned &lt;em&gt;list&lt;/em&gt; is an empty
list.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.descriptions&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;descriptions&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;grouppattern&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.descriptions&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Send a &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;LIST&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;NEWSGROUPS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command, where &lt;em&gt;grouppattern&lt;/em&gt; is a wildmat string as
specified in RFC2980 (it&amp;#8217;s essentially the same as DOS or UNIX shell wildcard
strings).  Return a pair &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(response,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;list)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, where &lt;em&gt;list&lt;/em&gt; is a list of tuples
containing &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(name,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;title)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;versionadded&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;versionmodified&quot;&gt;New in version 2.4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.description&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;description&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;group&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.description&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Get a description for a single group &lt;em&gt;group&lt;/em&gt;.  If more than one group matches
(if &amp;#8216;group&amp;#8217; is a real wildmat string), return the first match.   If no group
matches, return an empty string.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This elides the response code from the server.  If the response code is needed,
use &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.descriptions&quot; title=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.descriptions&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;descriptions()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;versionadded&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;versionmodified&quot;&gt;New in version 2.4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.group&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;group&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.group&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Send a &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;GROUP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command, where &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt; is the group name. Return a tuple
&lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(response,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;count,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;first,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;last,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;name)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; where &lt;em&gt;count&lt;/em&gt; is the (estimated) number
of articles in the group, &lt;em&gt;first&lt;/em&gt; is the first article number in the group,
&lt;em&gt;last&lt;/em&gt; is the last article number in the group, and &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt; is the group name.
The numbers are returned as strings.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.help&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;help&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.help&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Send a &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;HELP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command.  Return a pair &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(response,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;list)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; where &lt;em&gt;list&lt;/em&gt; is a
list of help strings. If the &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; parameter is supplied, then the output of
the  &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;HELP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command is stored in a file.  If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is a string,  then the
method will open a file object with that name, write to it  then close it.  If
&lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is a file object, then it will start calling &lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;write()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; on it to store
the lines of the command output. If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is supplied, then the returned &lt;em&gt;list&lt;/em&gt;
is an empty list.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.stat&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;stat&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;id&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.stat&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Send a &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;STAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command, where &lt;em&gt;id&lt;/em&gt; is the message id (enclosed in &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'&amp;lt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; and
&lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'&amp;gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;) or an article number (as a string). Return a triple &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(response,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;number,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;id)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; where &lt;em&gt;number&lt;/em&gt; is the article number (as a string) and &lt;em&gt;id&lt;/em&gt; is the
message id  (enclosed in &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'&amp;lt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; and &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'&amp;gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.next&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;next&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.next&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Send a &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;NEXT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command.  Return as for &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;stat.html#module-stat&quot; title=&quot;stat: Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(), os.lstat() and os.fstat().&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;stat()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.last&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;last&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.last&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Send a &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;LAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command.  Return as for &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;stat.html#module-stat&quot; title=&quot;stat: Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(), os.lstat() and os.fstat().&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;stat()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.head&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;head&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;id&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.head&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Send a &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;HEAD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command, where &lt;em&gt;id&lt;/em&gt; has the same meaning as for &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;stat.html#module-stat&quot; title=&quot;stat: Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(), os.lstat() and os.fstat().&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;stat()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.
Return a tuple &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(response,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;number,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;id,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;list)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; where the first three are the
same as for &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;stat.html#module-stat&quot; title=&quot;stat: Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(), os.lstat() and os.fstat().&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;stat()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;list&lt;/em&gt; is a list of the article&amp;#8217;s headers (an
uninterpreted list of lines, without trailing newlines).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.body&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;body&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;id&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.body&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Send a &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;BODY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command, where &lt;em&gt;id&lt;/em&gt; has the same meaning as for &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;stat.html#module-stat&quot; title=&quot;stat: Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(), os.lstat() and os.fstat().&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;stat()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.
If the &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; parameter is supplied, then the body is stored in a file.  If
&lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is a string, then the method will open a file object with that name,
write to it then close it. If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is a file object, then it will start
calling &lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;write()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; on it to store the lines of the body. Return as for
&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.head&quot; title=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.head&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;head()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.  If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is supplied, then the returned &lt;em&gt;list&lt;/em&gt; is an empty list.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.article&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;article&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;id&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.article&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Send an &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;ARTICLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command, where &lt;em&gt;id&lt;/em&gt; has the same meaning as for
&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;stat.html#module-stat&quot; title=&quot;stat: Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(), os.lstat() and os.fstat().&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;stat()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.  Return as for &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.head&quot; title=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.head&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;head()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.slave&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;slave&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.slave&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Send a &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;SLAVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command.  Return the server&amp;#8217;s &lt;em&gt;response&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.xhdr&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;xhdr&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;header&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;string&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.xhdr&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Send an &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;XHDR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command.  This command is not defined in the RFC but is a
common extension.  The &lt;em&gt;header&lt;/em&gt; argument is a header keyword, e.g.
&lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'subject'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;.  The &lt;em&gt;string&lt;/em&gt; argument should have the form &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'first-last'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
where &lt;em&gt;first&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;last&lt;/em&gt; are the first and last article numbers to search.
Return a pair &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(response,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;list)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, where &lt;em&gt;list&lt;/em&gt; is a list of pairs &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(id,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;text)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, where &lt;em&gt;id&lt;/em&gt; is an article number (as a string) and &lt;em&gt;text&lt;/em&gt; is the text of
the requested header for that article. If the &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; parameter is supplied, then
the output of the  &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;XHDR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command is stored in a file.  If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is a string,
then the method will open a file object with that name, write to it  then close
it.  If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is a file object, then it will start calling &lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;write()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; on it
to store the lines of the command output. If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is supplied, then the
returned &lt;em&gt;list&lt;/em&gt; is an empty list.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.post&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;post&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.post&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Post an article using the &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;POST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command.  The &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; argument is an open file
object which is read until EOF using its &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;readline.html#module-readline&quot; title=&quot;readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;readline()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; method.  It should be
a well-formed news article, including the required headers.  The &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.post&quot; title=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.post&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;post()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
method automatically escapes lines beginning with &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.ihave&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;ihave&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;id&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.ihave&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Send an &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;IHAVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command. &lt;em&gt;id&lt;/em&gt; is a message id (enclosed in  &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'&amp;lt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; and
&lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'&amp;gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;). If the response is not an error, treat &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; exactly as for the
&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.post&quot; title=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.post&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;post()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; method.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.date&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;date&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.date&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Return a triple &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(response,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;date,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;time)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, containing the current date and time
in a form suitable for the &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.newnews&quot; title=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.newnews&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;newnews()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.newgroups&quot; title=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.newgroups&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;newgroups()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; methods. This
is an optional NNTP extension, and may not be supported by all servers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.xgtitle&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;xgtitle&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.xgtitle&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Process an &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;XGTITLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command, returning a pair &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(response,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;list)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, where
&lt;em&gt;list&lt;/em&gt; is a list of tuples containing &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(name,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;title)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;. If the &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; parameter
is supplied, then the output of the  &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;XGTITLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command is stored in a file.
If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is a string,  then the method will open a file object with that name,
write to it  then close it.  If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is a file object, then it will start
calling &lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;write()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; on it to store the lines of the command output. If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt;
is supplied, then the returned &lt;em&gt;list&lt;/em&gt; is an empty list. This is an optional NNTP
extension, and may not be supported by all servers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;RFC2980 says &amp;#8220;It is suggested that this extension be deprecated&amp;#8221;.  Use
&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.descriptions&quot; title=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.descriptions&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;descriptions()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.description&quot; title=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.description&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;description()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; instead.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.xover&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;xover&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;start&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;end&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.xover&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Return a pair &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(resp,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;list)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;.  &lt;em&gt;list&lt;/em&gt; is a list of tuples, one for each
article in the range delimited by the &lt;em&gt;start&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;end&lt;/em&gt; article numbers.  Each
tuple is of the form &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(article&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;number,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;subject,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;poster,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;date,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;id,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;references,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;size,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;lines)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;. If the &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; parameter is supplied, then the output of the
&lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;XOVER&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command is stored in a file.  If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is a string,  then the method
will open a file object with that name, write to it  then close it.  If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt;
is a file object, then it will start calling &lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;write()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; on it to store the
lines of the command output. If &lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt; is supplied, then the returned &lt;em&gt;list&lt;/em&gt; is
an empty list. This is an optional NNTP extension, and may not be supported by
all servers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.xpath&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;xpath&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;id&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.xpath&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Return a pair &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(resp,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;path)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, where &lt;em&gt;path&lt;/em&gt; is the directory path to the
article with message ID &lt;em&gt;id&lt;/em&gt;.  This is an optional NNTP extension, and may not
be supported by all servers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;nntplib.NNTP.quit&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;NNTP.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;quit&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#nntplib.NNTP.quit&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Send a &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;QUIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; command and close the connection.  Once this method has been
called, no other methods of the NNTP object should be called.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;


          &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;div class=&quot;sphinxsidebar&quot;&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;sphinxsidebarwrapper&quot;&gt;
  &lt;h3&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;../contents.html&quot;&gt;Table Of Contents&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
  &lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#&quot;&gt;20.11. &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;nntplib&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; &amp;#8212; NNTP protocol client&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#nntp-objects&quot;&gt;20.11.1. NNTP Objects&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

  &lt;h4&gt;Previous topic&lt;/h4&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;topless&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;imaplib.html&quot;
                        title=&quot;previous chapter&quot;&gt;20.10. &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;imaplib&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; &amp;#8212; IMAP4 protocol client&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;h4&gt;Next topic&lt;/h4&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;topless&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;smtplib.html&quot;
                        title=&quot;next chapter&quot;&gt;20.12. &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;smtplib&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; &amp;#8212; SMTP protocol client&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;This Page&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul class=&quot;this-page-menu&quot;&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;../bugs.html&quot;&gt;Report a Bug&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;../_sources/library/nntplib.txt&quot;
         rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Show Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;div id=&quot;searchbox&quot; style=&quot;display: none&quot;&gt;
  &lt;h3&gt;Quick search&lt;/h3&gt;
    &lt;form class=&quot;search&quot; action=&quot;../search.html&quot; method=&quot;get&quot;&gt;
      &lt;input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;q&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;input type=&quot;submit&quot; value=&quot;Go&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;check_keywords&quot; value=&quot;yes&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;area&quot; value=&quot;default&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;/form&gt;
    &lt;p class=&quot;searchtip&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;&gt;
    Enter search terms or a module, class or function name.
    &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;$('#searchbox').show(0);&lt;/script&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;div class=&quot;clearer&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;related&quot;&gt;
      &lt;h3&gt;Navigation&lt;/h3&gt;
      &lt;ul&gt;
        &lt;li class=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 10px&quot;&gt;
          &lt;a href=&quot;../genindex.html&quot; title=&quot;General Index&quot;
             &gt;index&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li class=&quot;right&quot; &gt;
          &lt;a href=&quot;../py-modindex.html&quot; title=&quot;Python Module Index&quot;
             &gt;modules&lt;/a&gt; |&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li class=&quot;right&quot; &gt;
          &lt;a href=&quot;smtplib.html&quot; title=&quot;20.12. smtplib — SMTP protocol client&quot;
             &gt;next&lt;/a&gt; |&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li class=&quot;right&quot; &gt;
          &lt;a href=&quot;imaplib.html&quot; title=&quot;20.10. imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client&quot;
             &gt;previous&lt;/a&gt; |&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;../_static/py.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;
                 style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px&quot;/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.python.org/&quot;&gt;Python&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo;&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;
          &lt;a href=&quot;../index.html&quot;&gt;Python 2.7.5 documentation&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo;
        &lt;/li&gt;

          &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;index.html&quot; &gt;The Python Standard Library&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo;&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;internet.html&quot; &gt;20. Internet Protocols and Support&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo;&lt;/li&gt; 
      &lt;/ul&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;footer&quot;&gt;
    &amp;copy; &lt;a href=&quot;../copyright.html&quot;&gt;Copyright&lt;/a&gt; 1990-2019, Python Software Foundation.
    &lt;br /&gt;
    The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation.
    &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.python.org/psf/donations/&quot;&gt;Please donate.&lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    Last updated on Jul 03, 2019.
    &lt;a href=&quot;../bugs.html&quot;&gt;Found a bug&lt;/a&gt;?
    &lt;br /&gt;
    Created using &lt;a href=&quot;http://sphinx.pocoo.org/&quot;&gt;Sphinx&lt;/a&gt; 1.1.3.
    &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/html&gt;</textarea><br><br><input type='hidden' name='archivo_editar' value='/usr/share/doc/python-docs-2.7.5/html/library/nntplib.html'><input type='submit' value='[确定] 保存' style='background:#c0c0c0; color:#000; border:2px solid #000; padding:8px 24px; font-family:monospace; font-weight:bold; cursor:pointer;'> <a href='?path=%2Fusr%2Fshare%2Fdoc%2Fpython-docs-2.7.5%2Fhtml%2Flibrary' style='color:#000; text-decoration:none; padding:8px 24px; border:2px solid #000; background:#c0c0c0; font-weight:bold;'>[X] 取消</a></form></div></div><div style='color:#000080; font-family:monospace; text-align:center; padding:20px; border-top:2px solid #000; margin-top:20px;'>[X] MAKING LOT MONEY (MLM)</div>