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  &lt;div class=&quot;section&quot; id=&quot;debugging-and-profiling&quot;&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;26. Debugging and Profiling&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#debugging-and-profiling&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this headline&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These libraries help you with Python development: the debugger enables you to
step through code, analyze stack frames and set breakpoints etc., and the
profilers run code and give you a detailed breakdown of execution times,
allowing you to identify bottlenecks in your programs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;toctree-wrapper compound&quot;&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l1&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;bdb.html&quot;&gt;26.1. &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;bdb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; &amp;#8212; Debugger framework&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l1&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;pdb.html&quot;&gt;26.2. &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;pdb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; &amp;#8212; The Python Debugger&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l1&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;pdb.html#debugger-commands&quot;&gt;26.3. Debugger Commands&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l1&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;profile.html&quot;&gt;26.4. The Python Profilers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l2&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;profile.html#introduction-to-the-profilers&quot;&gt;26.4.1. Introduction to the profilers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l2&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;profile.html#instant-user-s-manual&quot;&gt;26.4.2. Instant User&amp;#8217;s Manual&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l2&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;profile.html#module-cProfile&quot;&gt;26.4.3. &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;profile&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; and &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;cProfile&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; Module Reference&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l2&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;profile.html#the-stats-class&quot;&gt;26.4.4. The &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;Stats&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; Class&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l2&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;profile.html#what-is-deterministic-profiling&quot;&gt;26.4.5. What Is Deterministic Profiling?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l2&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;profile.html#limitations&quot;&gt;26.4.6. Limitations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l2&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;profile.html#calibration&quot;&gt;26.4.7. Calibration&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l2&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;profile.html#using-a-customer-timer&quot;&gt;26.4.8. Using a customer timer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l1&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;hotshot.html&quot;&gt;26.5. &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;hotshot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; &amp;#8212; High performance logging profiler&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l2&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;hotshot.html#profile-objects&quot;&gt;26.5.1. Profile Objects&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l2&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;hotshot.html#module-hotshot.stats&quot;&gt;26.5.2. Using hotshot data&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l2&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;hotshot.html#example-usage&quot;&gt;26.5.3. Example Usage&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l1&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;timeit.html&quot;&gt;26.6. &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;timeit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; &amp;#8212; Measure execution time of small code snippets&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l2&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;timeit.html#basic-examples&quot;&gt;26.6.1. Basic Examples&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l2&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;timeit.html#python-interface&quot;&gt;26.6.2. Python Interface&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l2&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;timeit.html#command-line-interface&quot;&gt;26.6.3. Command-Line Interface&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l2&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;timeit.html#examples&quot;&gt;26.6.4. Examples&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l1&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;trace.html&quot;&gt;26.7. &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;trace&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; &amp;#8212; Trace or track Python statement execution&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l2&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;trace.html#command-line-usage&quot;&gt;26.7.1. Command-Line Usage&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l3&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;trace.html#main-options&quot;&gt;26.7.1.1. Main options&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l3&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;trace.html#modifiers&quot;&gt;26.7.1.2. Modifiers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l3&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;trace.html#filters&quot;&gt;26.7.1.3. Filters&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;li class=&quot;toctree-l2&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;trace.html#programmatic-interface&quot;&gt;26.7.2. Programmatic Interface&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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