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  &lt;div class=&quot;section&quot; id=&quot;module-pickletools&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;pickletools-tools-for-pickle-developers&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;h1&gt;31.13. &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#module-pickletools&quot; title=&quot;pickletools: Contains extensive comments about the pickle protocols and pickle-machine opcodes, as well as some useful functions.&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-mod docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;pickletools&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;#8212; Tools for pickle developers&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#module-pickletools&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this headline&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;versionadded&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;versionmodified&quot;&gt;New in version 2.3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source code:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;reference external&quot; href=&quot;http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/2.7/Lib/pickletools.py&quot;&gt;Lib/pickletools.py&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr class=&quot;docutils&quot; /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This module contains various constants relating to the intimate details of the
&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;pickle.html#module-pickle&quot; title=&quot;pickle: Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back.&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-mod docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;pickle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; module, some lengthy comments about the implementation, and a few
useful functions for analyzing pickled data.  The contents of this module are
useful for Python core developers who are working on the &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;pickle.html#module-pickle&quot; title=&quot;pickle: Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back.&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-mod docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;pickle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and
&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;pickle.html#module-cPickle&quot; title=&quot;cPickle: Faster version of pickle, but not subclassable.&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-mod docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;cPickle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; implementations; ordinary users of the &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;pickle.html#module-pickle&quot; title=&quot;pickle: Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back.&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-mod docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;pickle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; module
probably won&amp;#8217;t find the &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#module-pickletools&quot; title=&quot;pickletools: Contains extensive comments about the pickle protocols and pickle-machine opcodes, as well as some useful functions.&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-mod docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;pickletools&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; module relevant.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;dl class=&quot;function&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;pickletools.dis&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;pickletools.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;dis&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;pickle&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;out=None&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;memo=None&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;indentlevel=4&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#pickletools.dis&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Outputs a symbolic disassembly of the pickle to the file-like object &lt;em&gt;out&lt;/em&gt;,
defaulting to &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;sys.stdout&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;.  &lt;em&gt;pickle&lt;/em&gt; can be a string or a file-like object.
&lt;em&gt;memo&lt;/em&gt; can be a Python dictionary that will be used as the pickle&amp;#8217;s memo; it can
be used to perform disassemblies across multiple pickles created by the same
pickler. Successive levels, indicated by &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;MARK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; opcodes in the stream, are
indented by &lt;em&gt;indentlevel&lt;/em&gt; spaces.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;function&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;pickletools.genops&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;pickletools.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;genops&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;pickle&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#pickletools.genops&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Provides an &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;../glossary.html#term-iterator&quot;&gt;&lt;em class=&quot;xref std std-term&quot;&gt;iterator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; over all of the opcodes in a pickle, returning a
sequence of &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(opcode,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;arg,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;pos)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; triples.  &lt;em&gt;opcode&lt;/em&gt; is an instance of an
&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;OpcodeInfo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; class; &lt;em&gt;arg&lt;/em&gt; is the decoded value, as a Python object, of
the opcode&amp;#8217;s argument; &lt;em&gt;pos&lt;/em&gt; is the position at which this opcode is located.
&lt;em&gt;pickle&lt;/em&gt; can be a string or a file-like object.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;function&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;pickletools.optimize&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;pickletools.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;optimize&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;picklestring&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#pickletools.optimize&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Returns a new equivalent pickle string after eliminating unused &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;PUT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
opcodes. The optimized pickle is shorter, takes less transmission time,
requires less storage space, and unpickles more efficiently.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;versionadded&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;versionmodified&quot;&gt;New in version 2.6.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

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