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  &lt;div class=&quot;section&quot; id=&quot;module-rfc822&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;rfc822-parse-rfc-2822-mail-headers&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;h1&gt;18.11. &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#module-rfc822&quot; title=&quot;rfc822: Parse 2822 style mail messages. (deprecated)&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-mod docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;rfc822&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;#8212; Parse RFC 2822 mail headers&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#module-rfc822&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this headline&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;deprecated&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;versionmodified&quot;&gt;Deprecated since version 2.3: &lt;/span&gt;The &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;email.html#module-email&quot; title=&quot;email: Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages, including MIME documents.&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-mod docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;email&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; package should be used in preference to the &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#module-rfc822&quot; title=&quot;rfc822: Parse 2822 style mail messages. (deprecated)&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-mod docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;rfc822&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
module.  This module is present only to maintain backward compatibility, and
has been removed in Python 3.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This module defines a class, &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.Message&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;Message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, which represents an &amp;#8220;email
message&amp;#8221; as defined by the Internet standard &lt;span class=&quot;target&quot; id=&quot;index-0&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;rfc reference external&quot; href=&quot;http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RFC 2822&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a class=&quot;footnote-reference&quot; href=&quot;#id4&quot; id=&quot;id1&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;  Such messages
consist of a collection of message headers, and a message body.  This module
also defines a helper class &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.AddressList&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;AddressList&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; for parsing &lt;span class=&quot;target&quot; id=&quot;index-1&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;rfc reference external&quot; href=&quot;http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RFC 2822&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
addresses.  Please refer to the RFC for information on the specific syntax of
&lt;span class=&quot;target&quot; id=&quot;index-2&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;rfc reference external&quot; href=&quot;http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RFC 2822&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; messages.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;index-3&quot;&gt;The &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;mailbox.html#module-mailbox&quot; title=&quot;mailbox: Manipulate mailboxes in various formats&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-mod docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;mailbox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; module provides classes  to read mailboxes produced by
various end-user mail programs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;dl class=&quot;class&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.Message&quot;&gt;
&lt;em class=&quot;property&quot;&gt;class &lt;/em&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;rfc822.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;Message&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;file&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;em&gt;seekable&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.Message&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;Message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; instance is instantiated with an input object as parameter.
Message relies only on the input object having a &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;readline.html#module-readline&quot; title=&quot;readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;readline()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; method; in
particular, ordinary file objects qualify.  Instantiation reads headers from the
input object up to a delimiter line (normally a blank line) and stores them in
the instance.  The message body, following the headers, is not consumed.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This class can work with any input object that supports a &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;readline.html#module-readline&quot; title=&quot;readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;readline()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
method.  If the input object has seek and tell capability, the
&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.rewindbody&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.Message.rewindbody&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;rewindbody()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; method will work; also, illegal lines will be pushed back
onto the input stream.  If the input object lacks seek but has an &lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;unread()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
method that can push back a line of input, &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.Message&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;Message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; will use that to
push back illegal lines.  Thus this class can be used to parse messages coming
from a buffered stream.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The optional &lt;em&gt;seekable&lt;/em&gt; argument is provided as a workaround for certain stdio
libraries in which &lt;tt class=&quot;xref c c-func docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;tell()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; discards buffered data before discovering that
the &lt;tt class=&quot;xref c c-func docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;lseek()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; system call doesn&amp;#8217;t work.  For maximum portability, you
should set the seekable argument to zero to prevent that initial &lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;tell()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
when passing in an unseekable object such as a file object created from a socket
object.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Input lines as read from the file may either be terminated by CR-LF or by a
single linefeed; a terminating CR-LF is replaced by a single linefeed before the
line is stored.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;All header matching is done independent of upper or lower case; e.g.
&lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;m['From']&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;m['from']&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; and &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;m['FROM']&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; all yield the same result.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;class&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.AddressList&quot;&gt;
&lt;em class=&quot;property&quot;&gt;class &lt;/em&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;rfc822.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;AddressList&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;field&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;You may instantiate the &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.AddressList&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;AddressList&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; helper class using a single string
parameter, a comma-separated list of &lt;span class=&quot;target&quot; id=&quot;index-4&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;rfc reference external&quot; href=&quot;http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RFC 2822&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; addresses to be parsed.  (The
parameter &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;None&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; yields an empty list.)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;function&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.quote&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;rfc822.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;str&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.quote&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Return a new string with backslashes in &lt;em&gt;str&lt;/em&gt; replaced by two backslashes and
double quotes replaced by backslash-double quote.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;function&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.unquote&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;rfc822.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;unquote&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;str&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.unquote&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Return a new string which is an &lt;em&gt;unquoted&lt;/em&gt; version of &lt;em&gt;str&lt;/em&gt;. If &lt;em&gt;str&lt;/em&gt; ends and
begins with double quotes, they are stripped off.  Likewise if &lt;em&gt;str&lt;/em&gt; ends and
begins with angle brackets, they are stripped off.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;function&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.parseaddr&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;rfc822.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;parseaddr&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;address&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.parseaddr&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Parse &lt;em&gt;address&lt;/em&gt;, which should be the value of some address-containing field such
as &lt;em class=&quot;mailheader&quot;&gt;To&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em class=&quot;mailheader&quot;&gt;Cc&lt;/em&gt;, into its constituent &amp;#8220;realname&amp;#8221; and
&amp;#8220;email address&amp;#8221; parts. Returns a tuple of that information, unless the parse
fails, in which case a 2-tuple &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(None,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;None)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; is returned.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;function&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.dump_address_pair&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;rfc822.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;dump_address_pair&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;pair&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.dump_address_pair&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;The inverse of &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.parseaddr&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.parseaddr&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;parseaddr()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, this takes a 2-tuple of the form &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(realname,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;email_address)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; and returns the string value suitable for a &lt;em class=&quot;mailheader&quot;&gt;To&lt;/em&gt; or
&lt;em class=&quot;mailheader&quot;&gt;Cc&lt;/em&gt; header.  If the first element of &lt;em&gt;pair&lt;/em&gt; is false, then the
second element is returned unmodified.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;function&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.parsedate&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;rfc822.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;parsedate&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;date&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.parsedate&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Attempts to parse a date according to the rules in &lt;span class=&quot;target&quot; id=&quot;index-5&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;rfc reference external&quot; href=&quot;http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RFC 2822&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. however, some
mailers don&amp;#8217;t follow that format as specified, so &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.parsedate&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.parsedate&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-func docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;parsedate()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; tries to
guess correctly in such cases.  &lt;em&gt;date&lt;/em&gt; is a string containing an &lt;span class=&quot;target&quot; id=&quot;index-6&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;rfc reference external&quot; href=&quot;http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RFC 2822&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
date, such as  &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'Mon,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;20&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;Nov&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;1995&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;19:12:08&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;-0500'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;.  If it succeeds in parsing
the date, &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.parsedate&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.parsedate&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-func docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;parsedate()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; returns a 9-tuple that can be passed directly to
&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;time.html#time.mktime&quot; title=&quot;time.mktime&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-func docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;time.mktime()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;; otherwise &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;None&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; will be returned.  Note that indexes 6,
7, and 8 of the result tuple are not usable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;function&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.parsedate_tz&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;rfc822.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;parsedate_tz&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;date&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.parsedate_tz&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Performs the same function as &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.parsedate&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.parsedate&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-func docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;parsedate()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, but returns either &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;None&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; or
a 10-tuple; the first 9 elements make up a tuple that can be passed directly to
&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;time.html#time.mktime&quot; title=&quot;time.mktime&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-func docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;time.mktime()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, and the tenth is the offset of the date&amp;#8217;s timezone from UTC
(which is the official term for Greenwich Mean Time).  (Note that the sign of
the timezone offset is the opposite of the sign of the &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;time.timezone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
variable for the same timezone; the latter variable follows the POSIX standard
while this module follows &lt;span class=&quot;target&quot; id=&quot;index-7&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;rfc reference external&quot; href=&quot;http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RFC 2822&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.)  If the input string has no timezone,
the last element of the tuple returned is &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;None&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;.  Note that indexes 6, 7, and
8 of the result tuple are not usable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;function&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.mktime_tz&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;rfc822.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;mktime_tz&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;tuple&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.mktime_tz&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Turn a 10-tuple as returned by &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.parsedate_tz&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.parsedate_tz&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-func docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;parsedate_tz()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; into a UTC timestamp.  If
the timezone item in the tuple is &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;None&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, assume local time.  Minor
deficiency: this first interprets the first 8 elements as a local time and then
compensates for the timezone difference; this may yield a slight error around
daylight savings time switch dates.  Not enough to worry about for common use.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;admonition-see-also admonition seealso&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;first admonition-title&quot;&gt;See also&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;dl class=&quot;last docutils&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;Module &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;email.html#module-email&quot; title=&quot;email: Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages, including MIME documents.&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-mod docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;email&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;Comprehensive email handling package; supersedes the &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#module-rfc822&quot; title=&quot;rfc822: Parse 2822 style mail messages. (deprecated)&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-mod docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;rfc822&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; module.&lt;/dd&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;Module &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;mailbox.html#module-mailbox&quot; title=&quot;mailbox: Manipulate mailboxes in various formats&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-mod docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;mailbox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;Classes to read various mailbox formats produced  by end-user mail programs.&lt;/dd&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;Module &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;mimetools.html#module-mimetools&quot; title=&quot;mimetools: Tools for parsing MIME-style message bodies. (deprecated)&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-mod docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;mimetools&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;Subclass of &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.Message&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;rfc822.Message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; that handles MIME encoded messages.&lt;/dd&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;section&quot; id=&quot;message-objects&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;id2&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;h2&gt;18.11.1. Message Objects&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#message-objects&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this headline&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.Message&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;Message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; instance has the following methods:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.Message.rewindbody&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;Message.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;rewindbody&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.rewindbody&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seek to the start of the message body.  This only works if the file object is
seekable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.Message.isheader&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;Message.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;isheader&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;line&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.isheader&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Returns a line&amp;#8217;s canonicalized fieldname (the dictionary key that will be used
to index it) if the line is a legal &lt;span class=&quot;target&quot; id=&quot;index-8&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;rfc reference external&quot; href=&quot;http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RFC 2822&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; header; otherwise returns
&lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;None&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; (implying that parsing should stop here and the line be pushed back on
the input stream).  It is sometimes useful to override this method in a
subclass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.Message.islast&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;Message.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;islast&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;line&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.islast&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Return true if the given line is a delimiter on which Message should stop.  The
delimiter line is consumed, and the file object&amp;#8217;s read location positioned
immediately after it.  By default this method just checks that the line is
blank, but you can override it in a subclass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.Message.iscomment&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;Message.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;iscomment&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;line&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.iscomment&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Return &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;True&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; if the given line should be ignored entirely, just skipped. By
default this is a stub that always returns &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;False&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, but you can override it in
a subclass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.Message.getallmatchingheaders&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;Message.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;getallmatchingheaders&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.getallmatchingheaders&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Return a list of lines consisting of all headers matching &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;, if any.  Each
physical line, whether it is a continuation line or not, is a separate list
item.  Return the empty list if no header matches &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.Message.getfirstmatchingheader&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;Message.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;getfirstmatchingheader&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.getfirstmatchingheader&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Return a list of lines comprising the first header matching &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;, and its
continuation line(s), if any.  Return &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;None&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; if there is no header matching
&lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.Message.getrawheader&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;Message.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;getrawheader&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.getrawheader&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Return a single string consisting of the text after the colon in the first
header matching &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;.  This includes leading whitespace, the trailing
linefeed, and internal linefeeds and whitespace if there any continuation
line(s) were present.  Return &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;None&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; if there is no header matching &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.Message.getheader&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;Message.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;getheader&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;em&gt;default&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.getheader&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Return a single string consisting of the last header matching &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;,
but strip leading and trailing whitespace.
Internal whitespace is not stripped.  The optional &lt;em&gt;default&lt;/em&gt; argument can be
used to specify a different default to be returned when there is no header
matching &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;; it defaults to &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;None&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;.
This is the preferred way to get parsed headers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.Message.get&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;Message.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;get&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;em&gt;default&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;optional&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.get&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;An alias for &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.getheader&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.Message.getheader&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;getheader()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, to make the interface more compatible  with
regular dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.Message.getaddr&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;Message.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;getaddr&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.getaddr&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Return a pair &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(full&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;name,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;email&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;address)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; parsed from the string returned by
&lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;getheader(name)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;.  If no header matching &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt; exists, return &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(None,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;None)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;; otherwise both the full name and the address are (possibly empty)
strings.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Example: If &lt;em&gt;m&lt;/em&gt;&amp;#8216;s first &lt;em class=&quot;mailheader&quot;&gt;From&lt;/em&gt; header contains the string
&lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'jack&amp;#64;cwi.nl&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(Jack&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;Jansen)'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, then &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;m.getaddr('From')&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; will yield the pair
&lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;('Jack&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;Jansen',&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'jack&amp;#64;cwi.nl')&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;. If the header contained &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'Jack&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;Jansen&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;jack&amp;#64;cwi.nl&amp;gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; instead, it would yield the exact same result.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.Message.getaddrlist&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;Message.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;getaddrlist&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.getaddrlist&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;This is similar to &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;getaddr(list)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, but parses a header containing a list of
email addresses (e.g. a &lt;em class=&quot;mailheader&quot;&gt;To&lt;/em&gt; header) and returns a list of &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;(full&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;name,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;email&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;address)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; pairs (even if there was only one address in the header).
If there is no header matching &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;, return an empty list.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If multiple headers exist that match the named header (e.g. if there are several
&lt;em class=&quot;mailheader&quot;&gt;Cc&lt;/em&gt; headers), all are parsed for addresses. Any continuation lines
the named headers contain are also parsed.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.Message.getdate&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;Message.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;getdate&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.getdate&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Retrieve a header using &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.getheader&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.Message.getheader&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;getheader()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and parse it into a 9-tuple compatible
with &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;time.html#time.mktime&quot; title=&quot;time.mktime&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-func docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;time.mktime()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;; note that fields 6, 7, and 8  are not usable.  If
there is no header matching &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;, or it is unparsable, return &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;None&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Date parsing appears to be a black art, and not all mailers adhere to the
standard.  While it has been tested and found correct on a large collection of
email from many sources, it is still possible that this function may
occasionally yield an incorrect result.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.Message.getdate_tz&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;Message.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;getdate_tz&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.getdate_tz&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Retrieve a header using &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.getheader&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.Message.getheader&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;getheader()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and parse it into a 10-tuple; the
first 9 elements will make a tuple compatible with &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;time.html#time.mktime&quot; title=&quot;time.mktime&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-func docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;time.mktime()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, and the
10th is a number giving the offset of the date&amp;#8217;s timezone from UTC.  Note that
fields 6, 7, and 8  are not usable.  Similarly to &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.getdate&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.Message.getdate&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;getdate()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, if there is
no header matching &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;, or it is unparsable, return &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;None&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.Message&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;Message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; instances also support a limited mapping interface. In
particular: &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;m[name]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; is like &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;m.getheader(name)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; but raises &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;exceptions.html#exceptions.KeyError&quot; title=&quot;exceptions.KeyError&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-exc docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;KeyError&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
if there is no matching header; and &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;len(m)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;m.get(name[,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;default])&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;,
&lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;name&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;m.keys()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;m.values()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;m.items()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, and
&lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;m.setdefault(name[,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;default])&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; act as expected, with the one difference
that &lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;setdefault()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; uses an empty string as the default value.
&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.Message&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;Message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; instances also support the mapping writable interface &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;m[name]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; and &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;del&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;m[name]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;.  &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.Message&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;Message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; objects do not support the
&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;clear()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;copy.html#module-copy&quot; title=&quot;copy: Shallow and deep copy operations.&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;copy()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;popitem()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, or &lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;update()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; methods of the
mapping interface.  (Support for &lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;get()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; and &lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;setdefault()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; was only
added in Python 2.2.)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Finally, &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.Message&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;Message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; instances have some public instance variables:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;dl class=&quot;attribute&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.Message.headers&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;Message.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;headers&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.headers&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;A list containing the entire set of header lines, in the order in which they
were read (except that setitem calls may disturb this order). Each line contains
a trailing newline.  The blank line terminating the headers is not contained in
the list.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;attribute&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.Message.fp&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;Message.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;fp&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.fp&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;The file or file-like object passed at instantiation time.  This can be used to
read the message content.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;attribute&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.Message.unixfrom&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;Message.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;unixfrom&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.Message.unixfrom&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Unix &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;From&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; line, if the message had one, or an empty string.  This is
needed to regenerate the message in some contexts, such as an &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;mbox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;-style
mailbox file.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;section&quot; id=&quot;addresslist-objects&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;id3&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;h2&gt;18.11.2. AddressList Objects&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#addresslist-objects&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this headline&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;An &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.AddressList&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;AddressList&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; instance has the following methods:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.AddressList.__len__&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;AddressList.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;__len__&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList.__len__&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Return the number of addresses in the address list.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.AddressList.__str__&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;AddressList.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;__str__&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList.__str__&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Return a canonicalized string representation of the address list. Addresses are
rendered in &amp;#8220;name&amp;#8221; &amp;lt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference external&quot; href=&quot;mailto:host&amp;#37;&amp;#52;&amp;#48;domain&quot;&gt;host&lt;span&gt;&amp;#64;&lt;/span&gt;domain&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt; form, comma-separated.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.AddressList.__add__&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;AddressList.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;__add__&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;alist&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList.__add__&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Return a new &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.AddressList&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;AddressList&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; instance that contains all addresses in both
&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.AddressList&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;AddressList&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; operands, with duplicates removed (set union).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.AddressList.__iadd__&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;AddressList.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;__iadd__&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;alist&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList.__iadd__&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;In-place version of &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList.__add__&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.AddressList.__add__&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;__add__()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;; turns this &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.AddressList&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;AddressList&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; instance
into the union of itself and the right-hand instance, &lt;em&gt;alist&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.AddressList.__sub__&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;AddressList.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;__sub__&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;alist&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList.__sub__&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;Return a new &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.AddressList&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;AddressList&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; instance that contains every address in the
left-hand &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.AddressList&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;AddressList&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; operand that is not present in the right-hand
address operand (set difference).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;dl class=&quot;method&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.AddressList.__isub__&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;AddressList.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;__isub__&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;big&gt;(&lt;/big&gt;&lt;em&gt;alist&lt;/em&gt;&lt;big&gt;)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList.__isub__&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;In-place version of &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList.__sub__&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.AddressList.__sub__&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-meth docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;__sub__()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, removing addresses in this list which are
also in &lt;em&gt;alist&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Finally, &lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList&quot; title=&quot;rfc822.AddressList&quot;&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;xref py py-class docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;AddressList&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; instances have one public instance variable:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;dl class=&quot;attribute&quot;&gt;
&lt;dt id=&quot;rfc822.AddressList.addresslist&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt class=&quot;descclassname&quot;&gt;AddressList.&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;tt class=&quot;descname&quot;&gt;addresslist&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;headerlink&quot; href=&quot;#rfc822.AddressList.addresslist&quot; title=&quot;Permalink to this definition&quot;&gt;¶&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;&lt;p&gt;A list of tuple string pairs, one per address.  In each member, the first is the
canonicalized name part, the second is the actual route-address (&lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;'&amp;#64;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;-separated username-host.domain pair).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rubric&quot;&gt;Footnotes&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;docutils footnote&quot; frame=&quot;void&quot; id=&quot;id4&quot; rules=&quot;none&quot;&gt;
&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col class=&quot;label&quot; /&gt;&lt;col /&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;
&lt;tbody valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;label&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;fn-backref&quot; href=&quot;#id1&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;This module originally conformed to &lt;span class=&quot;target&quot; id=&quot;index-9&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;rfc reference external&quot; href=&quot;http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822.html&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RFC 822&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, hence the name.  Since then,
&lt;span class=&quot;target&quot; id=&quot;index-10&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;rfc reference external&quot; href=&quot;http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RFC 2822&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; has been released as an update to &lt;span class=&quot;target&quot; id=&quot;index-11&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;rfc reference external&quot; href=&quot;http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822.html&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RFC 822&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.  This module should be
considered &lt;span class=&quot;target&quot; id=&quot;index-12&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;rfc reference external&quot; href=&quot;http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RFC 2822&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;-conformant, especially in cases where the syntax or
semantics have changed since &lt;span class=&quot;target&quot; id=&quot;index-13&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;rfc reference external&quot; href=&quot;http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822.html&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RFC 822&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;


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        &lt;div class=&quot;sphinxsidebarwrapper&quot;&gt;
  &lt;h3&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;../contents.html&quot;&gt;Table Of Contents&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
  &lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#&quot;&gt;18.11. &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;rfc822&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; &amp;#8212; Parse RFC 2822 mail headers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#message-objects&quot;&gt;18.11.1. Message Objects&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reference internal&quot; href=&quot;#addresslist-objects&quot;&gt;18.11.2. AddressList Objects&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

  &lt;h4&gt;Previous topic&lt;/h4&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;topless&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;multifile.html&quot;
                        title=&quot;previous chapter&quot;&gt;18.10. &lt;tt class=&quot;docutils literal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pre&quot;&gt;multifile&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt; &amp;#8212; Support for files containing distinct parts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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  &lt;p class=&quot;topless&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;base64.html&quot;
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